BULLETIN 
OF THF 
NO. II.-1883. 
ARTICLE I. 
LACUSTRINE FORMATION OF TORRYBURN VALLEY. 
BY G. F. MATTHEW, A. M., F. R. S. C. 
With Dr. T. F. AlleFs Notes on the Characeae. 
While much attention has been given by Geologists to the deposits 
of the early and middle part of the Quaternary period in North- 
Eastern America, there is a part of this great cycle of time about 
which we have yet a great deal to learn, and which is of especial 
interest as forming the connecting link between Quaternary and 
Recent Time. The interest fell in this part of the geological record 
is enhanced by the fact that the deposits yield the earliest traces of 
man — for it is probably to this period that the gravels of Trenton, 
New Jersey, containing the rude stone implements of a primitive 
race belong. 
The Boulder clay and Leda clay which were formed in 
Quaternary times have been closely investigated, and much is 
known of the animals which inhabited the seas and shores of 
North-Eastern America in the Leda clay or C-hamplain epoch. Even 
the vegetation of the land can be described in a general way with con- 
siderable accuracy, but of the succeeding Terrace epoch the biological 
history is very imperfectly known. The deposits of the Torryburn 
Valley, five miles N. E. of Saint John, supply an important link in 
this part of the geological chain ; and the period in the Terrace epoch 
