ZOOLOGY AND BOTANY, MICROSCOPY, ETC. 
43 
from that of G. tolosanus ; it here consists of cells which are generally 
very flat, and widen out somewhat in their inner portion, where the 
medullary substance and nucleus can be distinctly recognized. They 
are chiefly remarkable for the fact that, while of the coelomyarian type, 
they are open on the side opposite to that which is open in Ascaris , 
that is towards the subcuticle. As Grenacher and Schneider examined 
different species, it is not to be wondered at that they were led to discuss 
each other’s results. 
Male of Filaria medinensis.* * * § — Dr. R. Havelock Charles reports 
that specimens taken from near the attached portion of the mesentery 
in the vicinity of the ileo-cmcal valve of humxn subjects are found to be 
double ; the smaller specimen may be drawn out from a small opening 
near the middle of the body of the larger, and the author thinks that 
it is the long-sought-for male of the Guinea Worm. Dr. Charles thinks 
that the sexes are separate when set free in the stomach of the host, that 
the male is gradually used up in fertilizing the female, and by the 
time the latter reaches the surface of the body of the host its mate is 
dead. 
Filaria Bancrofti and F. immitis.f — Prof. P. S. de Magalhaes 
points out the differences between these two Nematodes. The most 
important specific difference lies in the form of the tail ; this part is, in 
F. immitis, rolled up into several coils which are more numerous than in 
F. Bancrofti ; the papillm in the former are not broader at their base 
than at their tip as they are in the latter. In F. Bancrofti the two 
spicula are so set as to appear to be single. 
Heterakis i— MM. A. Railliet and A. Lucet report the results of 
some observations on HeteraMs perspicillum and H. papillosa ; the former 
has been discovered in the small intestine of Numida meleagris, and the 
authors made some feeding experiments with it on a fowl, but the parasite 
failed to be developed. Phasianus veneratus , Ceriornis satyra, and Anser 
domesticus may be added to the list of already recorded hosts of H . 
papillosa. 
Nematodes of Indian Horses and Sheep. §— Dr. G. M. J. Giles 
reports some observations on the life-history of Sclerostomum tetra - 
canthum, as bearing on sclerostomiasis in equine animals ; a new 
species || found in mules, and called S. robustum, is said to be a vicious 
bloodsucker. Dr. Giles % has discovered in sheep in India the parasite 
(Esophagoetoma columbianum recently described by Dr. Curtice in the 
United States, and he points out that he has brought together evidence 
to show that the damage to live stock wrought by parasites is much 
greater than has hitherto been suspected. Two new parasites ** found 
in sheep are called Strongylus colubriformis and Trichosomum verru - 
cosum. 
* Scient. Mem. Medic. Officers Army of India, vii. (1892) pp. 51-6 (1 pi.). 
t Centralbl. f. Bakteriol. u. Parasitenk., xii. (1892) pp. 511-4 (4 figs.). 
X Bull. Soc. Zool. France, xvii. (1892) pp. 117-20. 
§ Scient. Mem. Medic. Officers Army of India, vii. (1892) pp. 1-24 (1 pi ). 
|| Tom. cit., pp. 25-30 (1 pi.). If Tom. cit., pp. 31-44 (1 pi.). 
** Tom. cit., pp. 45-9 (1 pi.). 
