ZOOLOGY AND BOTANY, MICROSCOPY, ETC. 
159 
of foreign noxious substances in solution in tho plasma ; if the bacterial 
poisons accumulate beyond a certain point they paralyse the eosinophile 
and destroy the hyaline cells. 
The conflict, then, consists in (1) the maiming of the bacilli by the 
eosinophile cells, (2) the removal of the remains of the bacilli by means 
of the ingestive and digestive activity of the hyaline cells, and (3) the 
removal of dissolved foreign substances by the rose-staining cells. 
The authors point out that in the Crayfish, the Lamprey, and the 
Frog, there is now evidence of different forms of wandering cells ; those 
may be classed as granular eosinophile and non-granular hyaline which 
are found free in the body fluids, and rose-reacting granular cells 
which are found in the fluid, and in the spaces, of connective tissue. 
The archetype is to be seen in the granular, protective, digestive, absorp- 
tive and constructive blood-cell of Daphnia ; the eosinophile cell has 
accentuated the first two of these characters ; the hyaline cell is diges- 
tive, and the rose-staining cell absorptive. 
Alleged Intracellular Origin of Red Blood-corpuscles.* — Dr. A. 
Spuler maintains that this is all a mistake. He has followed the obser- 
vations of Ranvier and others, and has never found red blood-corpuscles 
or parts of them in cells which were not connected with capillaries. In 
the “ vaso-formative cells ” associated with the capillary network, no new 
formation, but a destruction of red blood-corpuscles, occurs. Several 
authorities have described vaso-formative cells not in connection with the 
capillary system, but these are artificially produced. There is no such 
thing as the intracellular origin of red blood-corpuscles. 
Centrosomata and Attraction Spheres in Resting Cells.f — Dr. D. 
Hansemann directs attention to the occurrence of centrosomata in the 
cells of cerebral tumour, in carcinoma, and other pathological tissues. 
He has always missed them in resting epithelial and glandular cells, and 
in vascular endothelial cells, in man. They are very distinct in the 
mesenteric connective tissue of newly born kittens and rabbits. The 
author believes that they are constant in cells, but that they often or 
always lie during the resting stage within the nucleus, and only emerge 
into the cytoplasm as division begins. This is also Hertwig’s view. 
Granula-Theory.J — Prof. Altmann has been able to detect an inter- 
granular network in the resting nucleus. The coarser reticulum of 
other histologists is due to the local thickening of the intergranular 
network. The latter shows the same staining reactions as does the 
so-called chromatin of the dividing nucleus. The substance of the net- 
work consists of fine granules, and to these the coarser granules in 
the meshes are due. The intergranular network, or rather “ the mono- 
blastic granula ” which composes it, is the essential substance. 
y. General. 
Terminology of Position and Direction^ — Prof. F. E. Schulze lays 
down the following laws for the terminology of position and direction 
in animals : — Each term should have but one meaning, it should express 
* Archiv f. Mikr. Anat., xl. (1892) pp. 530-52 (1 pi.), 
f Anat. Anzeig., viii. (1892) pp. 57-9. 
t Yerhandl. Anat. Gesell., vi. (1892) pp. 220-24. 
§ Biol. Centralbl., xiii. (1893) pp. 1-7. 
