ZOOLOGY AND BOTANY, MICROSCOPY, ETC. 
195 
much personal labour and not without risk. There are neither barrier 
reefs nor atolls, but shallow-sea fringing reefs, associated with a slow 
elevation of the coast. Forty-four species of stony corals were found 
of which 12 were Indo-Pacitic, 23 Indian, 5 purely Pacific, and 4 
peculiar. Of those described, Porites reticulum , Madrepora ( Isopora ) 
cylindrus, and M. horizontalis , are new species ; while a new genus 
Astrseosmilia, related to Dasyphyllia, is represented by A. connata. 
Ortmann also describes Millepora tenella sp. n., and two new Bryozoa, 
Tubucellaria gracilior and Lepralia dentilabris. 
The Edwardsiae.* * * § — The results of Mr. 0. Carlgren’s investigations 
into these Antliozoa are shown by the following systematic table : — 
Tribus Edwardsiae. 
Family Edwardsiidse. 
Tentacles developed on the 
I. Edwardsia (8-8) or II. 
Edwardsiella-tyge (8-12-21) 
Family Milne-Edwardsiidae. 
Tentacles on the Hexactinian 
type 
I Physa well developed 
and retractile 
Physa not retractile . . 
No acontia or stinging tu- 
bercles 
Acontia aud stinging tu- 
bercles 
Edwardsia. 
Edwards) oides. 
Edwardsiella. 
Milne- Edwardsia. 
( Edwardsia ) 
Andresi and fusca. 
Some account is given of the structure of Milne-Edwardsia carnea. 
Absorption in Actiniae-t — M. V. Willem finds, from feeding experi- 
ments with carminated food, that the whole of the endoderm of Actiniee 
is able to absorb food. The localization of absorbent cells throws into 
prominence an important point in the arrangement of the different 
tissues of Actinians, which is correlated with the absence of a true 
circulatory system. All the regions of the body contain cells in which 
intracellular digestion takes place and assimilable substances are 
prepared for the directly adjacent elements. Even the outer wall has an 
endodermic investment. 
The author is of opinion that, although the thin lobes of a typical 
mesenteric filament are probably ectodermic, the regions of the filaments 
which separate the lobes from one another and the nutrient zone of the 
acontia must be considered as endodermic. 
Porifera. 
Hexaceratina.J — Prof. R. v. Lendenfeld describes the Adriatic 
Hexaceratina, i. e. Triaxonia with horny skeleton or none. There are 
three families, Darwinellidae, Aplysillidae, and Halisarcidae. Of these 
Darwinella aurea, Aplysilla sulfurea, Apl. rosea , and Ealisarca Dujardini 
are described at length. Then the author gives an account of the 
Hexaceratina in general, which he regards as derived from Hexactinel- 
lida. 
Morphological Value of the Terms “Osculum” and “Pore” in 
Sponges.§ — Dr. G-. C. J. Vosmaer, after a resume of the work of Dendy 
on the canal system of the Homoccela, discusses the morphological value 
of the terms “ osculum ” and “ pore ” ; he points out that these words 
* Ofv. Svensk. Akad. Forhandlingar, 1892, pp. 451-61 (6 figs.). 
f Zool. Anzeig., xvi. (1892) pp. 10-12. 
X Zeitschr. f. Wiss. Zool., liv. (1892) pp. 275-315 (1 pi.). 
§ Tijdschr. Nederl. Dierk. Yereen., iii. (1892) pp. 235-42. 
