ZOOLOGY AND BOTANY, MICROSCOPY, ETC. 
197 
The Flagellata are simple organisms, which possess a usually well- 
defined mononuclear protoplasmic body, whose periplast is partly a 
simple cortical layer and partly a differentiated plasmic membrane. For 
most of their lifo they are in active motion or at least capable of such. 
They have a specially formed anterior end, with a flagellum or several 
flagella ; they have one or more contractile vacuoles. Multiplication 
occurs by simple longitudinal division, usually in the flagellate state, 
sometimes when at rest. All are able to form for a shorter or longer 
time resting cysts. They may be regarded as forming a median group 
of Protozoa with affinities on all sides, but they have especially close 
relations with Sarcodina and with Chrysopliyta. An exceedingly 
complete scheme, showing the affinities of Protozoa and Protophyta, is 
submitted. 
Klebs divides the Flagellata into Protomastigina, Polymastigina, 
Euglenoidina, Chloromonadina, and Chromomonadina, to the description 
of the types of which 125 pages are devoted. 
Flagellate Infusorian as Intra-cellular Parasite.* — Prof. W. A. 
Haswell noticed a dull yellowish-green colour in an undescribed rhab- 
doccel Turbellarian found in a pond in Victoria Park, Sydney. This 
colour was seen to be due to the presence of a large number of active 
parasites which were found in the interior of unicellular glands or other 
large cells of the parenchyma. The parasites have much resemblance 
to Euglena deses , the young of which is described as having no flagellum 
and moving by peristaltic contractions. This appears to be the first 
observation of any flagellate living as an intracellular parasite, and it 
may afford ground for those who speculate on the origin of the Sporozoa 
to adopt, for some of them at any rate, a very different view from that 
propounded by Prof. Ray Lankester. 
Shell of Glenodinium.t — Herr K. M. Levander notes that the in- 
vestigators of Dinoflagellata have described the shell of Glenodinium 
cinctum Ehrbg. as structureless or without plates. Klebs alone seems 
to have noticed the plates. These plates Herr Levander now figures 
and describes. They essentially resemble those of Peridinium ; there 
are seven posteriorly and twelve anteriorly. The number and arrange- 
ment suggest a union of G. cinctum with Peridinium. 
Gregarines of Holothurians.J — Mr. E. A. Minchin gives an account 
of his observations on Gregarina irregularis sp. n. from the blood-vessels 
of Holothuria nigra, and G. holothurise from H. tubulosa. In a number 
of points, such as general structure, possession of two nuclei, general 
structure of sporozoites and the passing the chief period of their exist- 
ence in the blood-vessels of Holothurians — the two species agree with 
one another ; as they do, also, in using up all the body-protoplasm to 
form sporoblasts, in forming eight sporozoites, and in the shape of the 
spore, which has a funnel at its narrow end. On the other hand, 
they differ (a) in form ; for G. irregularis appears to keep its irregular 
shape up to the time of encystment while G. holothurise loses it after 
the young stage ; (/3) the latter has a caudal process to the spore, which 
* Proc. Linn. Soc. N.S.W., vii. (1892) pp. 197-9. 
f Zool. Anzeig., xv. (1892) pp. 405-8 (4 figs.). 
i Quart. Journ. Micr. Sci., xxxiv. (1893) pp. 279-310 (2 pis.). 
