ZOOLOGY AND BOTANY, MICROSCOPY, ETC. 
211 
Muscari comosum by U. Vaillantii , are identical. In both cases the 
parasite simply brings about the more complete development of male 
organs already present in a rudimentary condition. 
(2) Nutrition and Growth (including- Germination, and Movements 
of Fluids). 
Adaptation of Seeds to Germination.* — Mr. W. W. Kowlee describes 
a number of adaptations in seeds to facilitate germination, especially 
the wing of the fruit of Acer dasycarpum, which holds it upright when 
falling in grass or rubbish. He found that twice as many seeds grow 
when planted with the radicle below, as when planted with the radicle 
above. 
Germination of Anemone. - ) - — According to M. E. de Janczewski, in 
some species of Anemone the mature embryo contains no differentiated 
organs, and may therefore be described as acotyledonous. The germina- 
tion is then very slow, since the cotyledons and root have to be formed 
during germination, which cannot take place till the following spring. 
At that period the cotyledons sometimes burst through the pericarp 
(subgenus Hepatica), or remain completely enclosed, and are replaced 
by the first leaf (subgenus Sylvia). The germination of the different 
species of Anemone takes place in the following various ways, viz. : — 
(1) Germination rapid, cotyledons epigsBous, nearly sessile, tigel elon- 
gated (subgenera Pulsatilla and Anemonanthea) ; (2) Germination rapid, 
cotyledons with long petioles, tigel short, underground (A. alpina , 
narcissiflora , &c.) ; (3) Germination slow, cotyledons sessile, hypogaeous, 
tigel short, underground (subgenus Sylvia) ; (4) Germination slow, 
cotyledons stalked, epigseous, tigel elongated (subgenus Hepatica) ; 
(5) Germination slow, cauline organs of adventitious origin (A. apen - 
nina). The seedlings of this species present a remarkable anomaly. 
There is no primary axis, the first leaf being in immediate continuation 
with the principal root. The secondary axis is an adventitious organ, 
springing from a portion of the root which is swollen into a tubercle. 
The first foliar organ may be considered indifferently as a cotyledon or 
as the first leaf. 
Transplantation on parts of Plants.j — Dr. H. Vochting records 
the results of a number of experiments — chiefly on the beet, for the 
purpose of determining the question whether the parts of a plant can be 
made to grow by inserting them in any part of another plant of the 
same species ; and also what is the mutual influence on one another of 
the structures thus brought into contact. 
Where the transplanted and the receiving organ are the same, it was 
found that the experiments succeeded with any section, longitudinal, 
tangential, or radial, of root, stem, or leaf; and that, under certain con- 
ditions, the same holds good where the two organs are different. He 
concludes from this that there is no organic principle of differentiation 
between the various organs. The essential condition is that the trans- 
* Bot. Gazette, xvii. (1892) p. 278. 
f Rev. Gen. de Bot. (Bonnier), iv. (1892) pp. 243-4, 289-301 (4 pis.). Cf. this 
Journal, 1892, p. 390. 
x ‘Ueber Transplantation an Pflanzenkorper,’ Tubingen, 1892,162 pp., 11 pis. 
and 14 figs. See Bot. Ztg., 1. (1892) p. 815. 
