ZOOLOGY AND BOTANY, MICROSCOPY, ETC. 325 
mena nnd tlie correlations of their surroundings. The body of the text 
is in Hungarian, hut there is a French resume. 
In dealing with the anatomy (orismology) the author combats the 
view of M. Bunnier de Wattenwyl that the head of Gryllids should be 
reduced to three segments, and states that he thinks there are four ; the 
first described is the basal, or that adjacent to the thorax, and its lateral 
membranes are formed by the cardines ; the one in front has the mentum 
for its sternal part ; in the second segment the galeae and palpi form the 
lateral membranes, and the first bears the mandibles. The elytra are 
found to vary in form and size in different species ; a detailed account is 
given of their neuration. 
In the biological portion the author first gives an account of the 
development and ecdyses, and then treats successively of the habitations 
of these Insects, which are generally in dry ground, of the galleries that 
they make, of their food, and their habits of hibernation and migration. 
A full account is given of the elytron as a musical instrument, but 
the males only are sound-producers ; the elytra of either side are some- 
times similar, and sometimes dissimilar ; indeed the left elytron is 
sometimes quite transparent. The organs which produce the song are 
the lima and the arculus ; the former of these lies below the elytron, and 
is formed of a row of teeth of varying forms ; the latter ordinarily con- 
sists of two small branches of the postcosta. The author has been able 
to determine the “ tempo ” of the sounds. 
In the concluding portions of the general part, copulation, oviposi- 
tion, modes of defence, and the work performed above and below the 
ground are among the subjects treated of. The second part of the work 
is systematic, and the whole concludes with a bibliographical list. 
j3. Myriopoda. 
Life-history of Julidse.* — Herr C. Verhoeff corrects a previous 
communication in which by a slip the Schaltstadium in the life-history 
of male Diplopoda was compared with the transition from larva to 
nymph in Holometabolic insects. The true analogies are as follows : — 
The last stage (with a ventrally closed seventh trunk-segment) is com- 
pared with the nymph, the Schaltstadium , which lasts for months, with 
the sub-imaginal stage, the mature male with the imago. 
5. Arachnida. 
Fixation of Parasitic Hexapod Larvae of Acari.f — M. S. Jourdain 
finds that there are two modes of fixation. In those that live on 
Lagria hirta and Phalangium opilio the rostrum is armed with two 
hooked mandibles, which perforate the chitinous envelope of the host. 
In a larva found on Miris viridis the attachment is of a kind that does 
not seem to have been yet described ; the rostrum is produced into an 
irregularly branched trunk, and the branches make their way among 
the sub-integumentary tissues; the walls of this branching tube are 
thick and transparent, and each branch ends in a sucker which is per- 
forated in its centre. 
* Zool. Anzeig., xvi. (1893) pp. 84-5. 
f Comptes Reudus, cxv. (1892) pp. 62 1 and 2. 
