ZOOLOGY AND BOTANY, MICROSCOPY, ETO. 
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pollinoids. The male and female organs occur on different plants. He 
regards this discovery as a confirmation of the view that Prasiola is 
nearly related to Porphyra. 
Giffordia, a new Genus of Ectocarpacese.* — Mr. E. A. Batters 
separates Ectocarpus secundus from that genus as the type of a new genus 
Giffordia, in which the male cells and the sporanges in which they are 
produced differ in several important particulars from the female cells 
and their sporanges, while the true Ectocarpi are isogamous. The 
antherozoids of Giffordia are much smaller than the zoospheres, and 
are destitute of chromatophores. In the same genus must be placed 
E. fenestratus , E. Lebelii , and a new species G. Padinse described by 
Mr. T. H. Buff ham. f 
Chlamydomonas Kleinii sp. n.$— Herr W. Schmidle describes a new 
species of this genus found in ditches and pools in the Black Forest, 
which differs in several respects from the species hitherto described. It 
occurs in both a swarming and a palmelloid condition. In the former 
state each individual is an oval or cylindrical body, 32-28 p long and 
12-8 p broad, with two very slender flagels. In the anterior portion is a 
linear reddish-brown “ stigma” or eye-spot, in which are always two well- 
developed pyrenoids, and there are two small contractile vacuoles which 
pulsate alternately. It has a striated appearance, owing to the arrange- 
ment of the chlorophyll-bodies in bands. The individuals swarm only 
for a short time, and then pass rapidly into the resting condition, and 
the cell-wall gelatinizes, the mucilage being distinctly laminated ; the 
flagels often remain for a considerable time, retaining a slow movement. 
The attachment of the individuals to one another in the palmelloid 
condition is but slight. In this condition both microspores and mega- 
spores are formed ; the first cell-division is always transverse, differing 
in this respect from that of all other species known. The usual number 
of megaspores and microspores derived from each cell is 4 and 32 or 64 
respectively. No conjugation was actually observed; but there were 
indications of this taking place between an active microspore and one 
which had already come to rest. 
Rhodochytrium, a transitional form between the Protococcacese and 
the Chytridiace8e.§ — Prof. G. v. Lagerheim describes a parasitic alga 
found on a species of Spilanthes (Composite), which he makes the type 
of a new genus with the name Bhodochytrium SpilantJiidis. It appears 
on the stem and leaves of the host in the form of blood-red spots which 
are the sporanges of the parasite. They are always in contact with a 
vascular bundle, and produce only one kind of zoospore, which is 
biciliate and may germinate either with or without conjugation. When 
a zoospore settles on the epiderm of the host, it does not penetrate 
through a stomate, but puts out a germinating tube which makes its way 
between two epidermal cells. The rhizoids which are put out from the 
germinating tube form a complete weft round the vascular bundle. 
Nearly the whole organism is coloured by a red pigment; both the 
sporanges and the spores themselves contain abundance of starch ; but 
* Grovillea, xxi. (1893) pp. 85-6. f Tom. cit., pp. 88-9 (3 figs.). 
% Flora, lxxvii. (1893) pp. 16-26 (1 pi.). 
§ Bot. Ztg., li. (1893) l te Ahtheil., pp. 43-52 (1 pi.), 
1893. 2 n 
