ZOOLOGY AND BOTANY, MICROSCOPY, ETC. 
509 
Tlio same author * * * § observed Septoglceum Hartigianum, hitherto 
unknown as a parasite, parasitic on the maple. The only mode of 
propagation observed was by light-brown conids. 
Herr Behrens f describes a disease of the tobacco-plant caused by 
the attacks of Alternaria tenuis, which occurs also in a conidial form, 
probably belonging to a Hormodendron. 
Herr 0. KirchnerJ describes young plants of Cytisus capitatus 
destroyed by an undescribed parasitic fungus belonging to the Hypho- 
mycetes, which he names Ceralophorum setosum. 
Sig. F. Cavara §' finds, on the fruit of Citrus vulgaris , a parasitic 
fungus which he makes the type of a new genus Trichoseptoria, with the 
following diagnosis : — Perithecia carpophila, innato erumpentia, macu- 
licola, trichomatibus undique fulta, membranacea ; basidia nulla ; 
sporulae bacillares, septatse, hyalinae. 
Chanci, a Disease of Mushrooms.|| — M. J. Costantin, who had 
previously described this disease, and pointed out the existence of the 
mycele, has now succeeded in obtaining, by means of pure cultivations, 
the fructification, and has thus been able to identify the parasite as a 
Clitocybe (a species closely allied to, if not identical with C. candicans). 
The appearance of dung affected by this disease is little different 
from that which contains the mushroom mycele. The two, however, 
may be distinguished by the smell. The odour from the mushroom is 
delicate and agreeable, but when Chanci is present it is strong, pene- 
trating, and disagreeable. 
Relationship of Calcicolons Lichens to their Substratum.^ — Sig. 
E. Baroni describes the structure of the thallus of the calcicolous lichens 
Aspicilia calcar ea, Lecidea fusco-atra , and Verrucaria rupestris, especially 
in relation to the formation of the gonidial zone and of the apotheces 
beneath the surface of the rock on which they grow. He considers it 
probable that the hyphse penetrate the rock through the agency of an 
acid which they secrete. 
Structure of Yeast-cells.** — Herr G. Hieronymus has undertaken a 
series of observations on a form of Saccharomyces , with the view of 
determining the question of the presence or absence of a nucleus in the 
cells. He finds the contents of the cells to present a similar fibrillar 
structure to that in the Phycochromacese. The angular granules (pro- 
bably nuclein) which lie in the protoplasm are always arranged in 
rows intertwined into a more or less regular spiral or ball, which 
the author calls the central thread. He regards the protoplasm as 
originally structureless, the definite structure being developed only as 
the result of the penetration of fluids into the cell from without. 
* Tom. cit., pp. 289-91 (1 pi.). See Bot. Centralbl., liii. (1893) p. 181. 
t Zeitschr. f. Pflanzenkrankheiten, ii. (1892) p. 327. 
X Tom. cit., pp. 324-7. 
§ Atti R. 1st. Bot. Univ. Pavia, 8 pp. and 1 pi. See Bot. Centralbl., liv. (1893) 
p. 26. 
|| Bull. Soc. My col. France, viii. (1892) pp. 153-60 (1 pi.). See Centralbl. f. 
Baktcriol. u. Parasitenk., xii. (1892) pp. 765-6. Cf. this Journal, ante, p. 74. 
Bull. Soc. Bot. I tal., 1893, pp. 136-40. 
** Ber. Deutsch. Bot. Gesell., xi. (1893) pp. 176-86 (1 pi.). Cf. this Journal, 
ante, p. 366. 
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