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SUMMARY OF CURRENT RESEARCHES RELATING TO 
Sporocarp of Pilularia.* * * § — Prof. D. H. Campbell has followed out 
the development of the sporocarp of Pilularia americana, the structure 
of which presents a very close resemblance to that of P. globulifera , 
even in the number of loculi, which is four, and not three, as often stated. 
The resemblance to Marsilea is also very strong. The author regards 
the sporocarp as simply a modified portion of a leaf, and compares it 
to the fertile portion of the frond of Opiiioglossum, Osmunda, or Onoclea. 
The main difference between the sporocarp of Pilularia and the spore- 
bearing leaf-segments of Onoclea sensibilis is that in the former the 
sporanges are formed on the upper, in the latter on the under side of 
the leaf. 
Development of the Sporange in Polypodiacese.f — Herr C. Muller 
describes in detail the succession of cell-divisions in the formation of the 
sporange of several ferns ; his conclusions differ in some points from 
those of Reess and Kiindig. 
Cambial Development in Equisetaceae.J — Mr. B. G. Cormack has 
investigated the development of the cambium in recent Equisetacese 
( Equisetum maximum ), especially in connection with the systematic 
position of the extinct Calamity. He finds a cambial activity in the 
nodes of the recent Equisetacese, and a corresponding secondary thicken- 
ing in all the Calamitae. The types of Calamitae whose structure is 
known form a closely connected series constituting a united group. In 
the Calamitae the cambial activity begins in the nodes and extends to 
the internodes ; while in living species of Equisetum it does not reach 
the internodes. The author considers that the evidence is strongly in 
favour of regarding the Calamitae as nearly allied to the Equisetaceae ; 
rather than of placing them among the Gymnosperms. 
Fossil Vascular Cryptogams.§ — The late carboniferous fossils of 
the basin of the Gard have been carefully studied by M. C. Grand’Eury. 
He divides the Calamariae into three sections, of which one comprises 
Annularia, while the two others include the Calamites and the Astero- 
phyllites. Stigmariopsis is distinct from the true Stigmarise , and consists, 
not of the rhizomes or stolons, but of the true roots of the Sigillarieae. 
The ferns of the Gard belong almost entirely to the Marattiacese, and to 
the genera Aster otheca, Scolecopteris, Pity cocarpus, Danseites , &c. Mega- 
phyton and Caulopteris are the arborescent stems of these ferns, of which 
the internal and subcortical portions have been termed Psaronius and 
Ptychopteris. 
Characeae. 
Anther ozoids of Characeae. || — Herr W. Belajieff has examined the 
structure and development of the antherozoids of several species of Chara 
and of Nitella flexilis, with the view of settling some points on which 
* Bull. Torrey Bot. Club, xx. (1893) pp. 141-8 (1 pi.). Cf. this Journal, 1892, 
p. 825. 
| Ber. Deutsch. Bot. Gesell., xi. (1893) pp. 54-71 (1 pi. and 3 figs.). 
t Ann. Bot., vii. (1893) pp. 63-82 (1 pi.). 
§ ‘ Sur la nature, la ve'getation et le port des Asterophyllites, Calamites et 
Arthropitus.’ See Bonnier’s Rev. Gen. de Bot., v. (1893) p. 230. 
|j ‘ Ueb. Bau u. Entwickelung d. Antherozoiden. I. Characeen Warschau, 1892, 
49 pp., 1 pi. Seo Bot. Centralbl., liv. (1893) p. 200. Cf. this Journal, 1885, p. 484. 
