ZOOLOGY AND BOTANY, MICROSCOPY, ETC. 
741 
Allolobophora Savignii.* * * § — MM. J. de Guerne and B. Horst give 
reasons for thinking that an earthworm of large size well known to 
fishermen at Cayan, in the south-east of France, is a new species, which 
they propose to call Allolobojphora Savignii. 
/3. Nemathelmintlies. 
Allantonema sylvaticum.f — Dr. v. Linstow gives an account of one 
of the species of this remarkable genus, which he found in Geotrupes 
sylvaticus. As first found it consisted only of a very thin hyaline mem- 
brane, in which there were several hundred embryos so closely packed 
that they could not move. These embryos were found in the spring, 
and they leave the mother to make their way into the body-cavity of the 
beetle. As the author failed in his earlier experiments to get evidence 
of a free stage, owing to the presence of various species of Bhabditis and 
other worms, he adopted the procedure of bacteriologists and sterilized 
his soil ; he was now able to cultivate his species until it reached a 
sexually mature stage- In this he was able to see that he had to do 
with a Diplog aster , various forms of which he compares with one another 
as to the length of the tail, which varies considerably. 
Life-history of Echinorhynchus proteus.f — Herr F. Zschokke 
points out that the developmental cycle of this parasite may be passed 
through in three distinct sets of hosts. 
The embryo-bearing egg may be eaten by a Gammarus (1st inter- 
mediate host), and pass with it into a fresh- water fish (2nd intermediate 
host) ; there it may pass its larval stage in the body, and be taken up by 
a carnivorous fish (chief host) in the intestine of which it becomes 
sexually mature. Or the piscine may be left out, the larval stages passed 
through in the Gammarus , which is eaten by a fish which becomes the 
chief host. Or, thirdly, the egg may be eaten by a fish, pass through 
all its larval stages there, and be eaten by a carnivorous fish, which 
becomes the chief host. 
y. Platyhelminthes. 
Planarians and Nemerteans of North America.§ — Dr. C. Girard, 
who began to study the free-living Platyhelminths of North America in 
1848, gives a list, with short description, of the species known to occur ; 
special attention has been given to the delimitation of the genera, as the 
author believes that the true progress of descriptive Zoology depends on 
their constitution. 
South Georgian and other Nemertines.|j — The Nemertines from 
South Georgia examined by Dr. 0. Burger all belong to known types. 
They are all proportionately long and very compressed forms, so that 
they are, externally, very like the smaller species of Amphiporus. Some 
of the representatives of this genus have a head- gland enormously 
developed in a way hitherto unknown. Various Nemertines from 
other localities are also described, and in the specific diagnoses attention 
* Bull. Soc. Zool. France, xviii. (1893) pp. 153-8 (1 fig.). 
t Centralbl. f. Bakteriol. u. Parasitenk., xiv. (1893) pp. 169-73 (6 figs.). 
X Verh. Naturf. Gesell. Basel, x. (1892) pp. 73-83. 
§ Ann. Sci. Nat., xv. (1893) pp. 145-310 (4 pis.). 
|1 Zool. JB. (Systematik &e.) vii. (1893) pp. 207-40 (2 pis.). 
