ZOOLOGY AND BOTANY, MICROSCOPY, ETC. 
767 
S. membransefaciens iii., a uniform thin smooth scum. In acid grape- 
must S. membransefaciens ii. forms within two days a thick wrinkled 
scum. S. membransefaciens iii. behaves as in other media, but there are 
well-marked differences in the asci and the sprouting vegetative 
elements. 
Saccharomyces ellipsoideus.* * * § — Herr J. Wortmann has decided from 
experiments with twenty-seven different kinds of yeasts obtained from 
Germany and the Crimea that the wine-ferment known as Saccharomyces 
ellipsoideus does not represent one definite species, but consists of a 
number of races which differ from one another, not only morphologically, 
but also physiologically ; and further, that these differences are, so to 
speak, constant, inasmuch as the different species produce from one and 
the same must different wines. It is obvious, therefore, that if good 
wine is to be produced great care must be taken in the selection of the 
yeast, a proposition which will hardly be disputed ; but the author’s 
position seems rather to be that the ferment is of more importance than 
the must. 
White-rot of the Vine.! — Herr E. Hath ay describes the appearance 
and life-history of Coniothyrium Biplodiella , the fungus causing this 
disease of the vine, which must be carefully distinguished from the 
black-rot, from which it differs in the following particulars. It attacks 
the berries only; the pycnids are brown or light-coloured, not black, 
and have a different structure ; the spores are brown, not colourless ; the 
spermogones are unknown. 
iEcidium leucospermum.f — From observations made on this fungus, 
parasitic on the leaves of Anemone nemorosa, Mr. II. T. Soppitt concludes 
that it is not connected genetically with Puccinia fusca. It appears to 
propagate itself entirely by means of its spores and its perennial mycele, 
its development resembling in every respect that of Endophyllum , except 
that it does not produce promycelial spores. 
Fungus-parasite of Cochylis.§ — MM. C. Sauvageau and J. Perraud 
state that the larva of Cochylis ambiguella , the “ grape-worm,” is fre- 
quently infested by a parasite identical with that which is used for the 
destruction of the larva of the cockchafer, Isaria farinosa. 
Choir omyces. || — Dr. 0. Mattirolo describes in detail the structure of 
this genus of Tuberacese, and concludes that the species known as 
C. gangliformis must be sunk as a form in the cycle of development of 
C. meandriformis. 
Rabenhorst’s Cryptogamic Flora of Germany (Fungi). — In parts 
39-41 of the first vol. of this work Dr. H. Rekm continues his account 
of the section Helotieae of the Pezizacese. The description of the species 
of Phialea is completed, followed by that of Cyathicula (4 sp.), Belo- 
nioxypha gen. nov. (6 sp.), separated from Belonium , and distinguished 
* Landwirthschaftl. Jahrb.,i. (1892) p. 901. See Centralbl. f. Bakteriol. u. Para- 
sitenk., xiii. (1893) pp. 756-7. 
f Die Weinlaube, 1892, 9 pp and 12 figs. See Bot. Centralbl., lv. (1893) p. 118. 
X Journ. of But., xxxi. (1893) pp. 273-4. 
§ Comptes Reuilus, cxvii. (1893) pp. 189-91. 
|j Malpighia, vi. (1893) pp. 3S0-9J, 467-81. 
