ZOOLOGY AND BOTANY, MICROSCOPY, ETC. 
777 
tract will explain it. Tlie former condition is much less common, 
and the symptoms and anatomical appearances seem from the two cases 
quoted to have little in common with the usual post mortem phenomena 
of enteric fever. Tn both, however, the bacilli of typhoid and the 
streptococci were isolated from the cadaver. The cases quoted in which 
mixed infection was found were six out of a series of thirty-one. The 
virulence of mixed infection from these two organisms is supported by 
experiments made on rabbits ; of five rabbits inoculated with B. typhosus 
all recovered ; of five inoculated with Streptococcus four recovered and 
one died on the eighteenth day of a large subcutaneous abscess ; of five 
other rabbits four died and one recovered. In the dead animals Peyer’s 
patches were swollen and haemorrhagic ; the spleen and abdominal 
lymphatic glands much swollen. Cultivation from the spleen showed 
the presence of the bacillus of Eberth and of the streptococcus. The 
chief symptoms were high fever, stupor, diarrhoea. Several other 
experiments are detailed, which indicate the increased virulence of these 
organisms when acting together. 
The author next goes on to glance at the phagocytic reaction in the 
case of the mixed infection. Experiments were made with Ziegler’s 
plates and with capillary tubes filled with cultures and inserted beneath 
the skin of the arms or the ear of rabbits. In the case of the typhoid 
bacilli the phagocytic action was very marked, even within 24 hours, 
although the bacteria had not altogether disappeared in 51 hours. 
In cases of mixed cultivations, so far from a diminution as in the 
previous instance, there was a manifest increase even in seven hours, 
although the immigration of leucocytes was considerable, and the 
phagocytosis marked. In 24 hours, however, the bacterial increase was 
colossal and the phagocytes had disappeared. Hence the addition of 
Streptococcus enabled the combination to prevail against the leucocytes. 
The author then alludes to the numerous germs before which Bacillus 
typhosus dies out, and concludes with some practical suggestions. 
The author invariably uses the term Streptococcus , and from the 
context we gather that this means the Streptococcus of Eehleisen. 
Suspected Identity of Bacillus butyri fluorescens and Bacillus 
melochloros.* — Dr. F. Lafar points out that B. butyri fluorescens and 
B. melochloros are distinguished from one another by the following 
characteristics. B. melochloros is actively mobile. Colonies on gelatin 
plates are recognizable with the naked eye, even in four hours, and the 
inoculation track shows a watch-glass depression. Agar stroke cultures 
soon develope a yellowish overlay, while the rest of the medium assumes 
a green colour. On the other hand, B. butyri fluorescens is immobile. 
Gelatin puncture cultures show the conical “ filler,” and on plates the 
colonies become visible to the naked eye in about BO hours. The 
agar stroke cultivations are of white colour, and the substratum is 
quite unaltered. 
Bacillus pyocyaneus in Plants.f — The difficulty of finding a plant 
susceptible by inoculation with a virus pathogenic to animals has been 
overcome by M. A. Ckarrin, who has discovered in one of the Crassu- 
* Centralbl. f. Bakteriol. u. Parasitenk., xiiL (1893) pp. 807-8. 
t Comptes Renclus, cxvi. (1893) pp. 1082-5. 
