ZOOLOGY AND BOTANY, MICROSCOPY, ETC. 
797 
Water 1000; glycerin 30-40; sodium chloride 5-7; calcium chloride 
0 • 1 ; magnesium sulphate 0 * 2-0 * 4 ; calcium biphosphate 2 * 0-2 * 5 ; 
ammonium lactate 6-7 ; sodium asparaginate 3 • 4. 
Cholera, diphtheria, swine-erysipelas, peripneumonia bovina, tetanus, 
typhoid, &c., grow in this solution as freely as in bouillon. Tuberculosis 
has not yet been successfully cultivated in this medium, while diphtheria 
and tetanus seem to have claimed most of the author’s attention. 
Growing Yeasts on Solid Media.* — Herr P. Lindner cultivated 
various species of yeasts in “giant colonies” on gelatin, and found 
that this medium is specially suitable for recognizing and studying the 
different kinds of yeasts. When used for the purpose of comparing yeasts 
it is of great importance that each young colony should be laid down in 
exactly the same way. A colony is sown by just touching the surface 
of the gelatin with a small drop. The surface should not be damaged 
in the process, and hence the gelatin should not be too dry from age 
or too soft. The best cultivation vessels are small flasks plugged with 
cotton-wool, because they are more easily photographed and because con- 
tamination during inoculation is more easily avoided. 
During the development of the culture care should be taken that 
neither sunshine nor radiant heat shall act unequally. The giant colonies 
of particular species of yeast exhibit a quite definite form of growth 
which is typical of the species, and developes with precision in newly 
formed colonies. Experiments as to the influence of the medium on 
the form and shape of giant colonies showed that even considerable 
alterations in the composition of the medium were not altogether able 
to efface the type of growth. 
Cultivation of Gonococcus.j — Dr. Steinschneidcr has cultivated 
gonococcus on an artificial medium composed chiefly of human blood- 
serum and agar. The incubation temperature was from 35°-40°. The 
results were very satisfactory. The growth was still more luxuriant if 
the blood-serum-agar were mixed with sterile human urine, or if the 
serum were previously heated up to 55° in order to remove its bactericidal 
property. Additions of grape-sugar and mucin are harmful ; an increase 
of pepton (1^-2 per cent.) is beneficial. 
Two experiments on the human urethra with pure cultivations are 
recorded. (1) A twelfth-generation culture caused a moderate urethritis, 
in which pus-corpuscles and diplococci were found. (2) With a fourth- 
generation culture, a typical gonorrhoea was excited in a college student 
who had never had the disease. The gonococci were in considerable 
quantity, and their disposition was typical. 
Inoculation on the peritoneum of animals excited an exudative peri- 
tonitis, and experiments on the cornea resulted in suppurative inflamma- 
tion, but in neither instance could the gonococcus be demonstrated in 
the secretion liy cultivation. 
New Apparatus for Counting Bacterial Colonies in Boll-Cul- 
tures4 — Hr. G. Buchanan Young being dissatisfied with Von Esmarch’s 
* Wochenschr. f. Brauerei, 1893, No. 27. See Centralbl. f. Bakteriol. u. Para- 
sitenk., xiv. (1893) p. 372. 
t Berlin Med. Wochenschr., 1893, No. 29. See Centralbl. f. Bakteriol. u. Para- 
sitenk., xiv. (1893) pp. 331-2. 
t Proc. Boy. Soc. Edinb., xx. (1893) pp. 28 and 29 (1 pi.). 
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