6 Transactions of the Society. 
Abhandl. k. Bayer. Ak. Wiss., Cl. II. vol. xviii. Abth. ii. p. 414, 
pi. xvii. figs. 29-31. 
By the occurrence of this species in the Gault, its geological range 
is considerably extended. It has been previously noted from Oligocene, 
Miocene, and Pliocene strata. As a recent form it appears most at 
home in moderately shallow water. 
At Folkestone P. Hauerii was found in zone iii., very rare ; 
zone vi., very rare. 
Pulvinulina elegans d'Orbigny sp., plate I., figs. 8 a-c. 
Potalia ( Turbinulina ) elegans d’Orbigny, 1826, Ann. Sci. Nat., 
vol. vii. p. 276, No. 54. Pulvinulina elegans Parker, Jones, and Brady, 
1871, Ann. and Mag. Nat. Hist., ser. 4, vol. viii. p. 174, ph xii. fig. 142. 
Botalina pleurostomata Schlumberger, 1883, Feuille des Jeunes Nat., 
p. 119, pi. iii. figs. 5, 5a, 5b. Pulvinulina elegans Brady, 1884, 
Chalk Bep., vol. ix. p. 699, pi. cv. figs. 4-6. Epistomina elegans 
Bzehak, 1888, Ann. k. k. Naturhist. Hofmus., vol. iii. (3) p. 264, 
pi. xi. fig. 9. Pulvinulina elegans, Sherborn and Chapman, 1889, 
Journ. B. Micr. Soc., p. 487, pi. xi. figs. 30-32. Egger, 1893, 
Abhandl. k. Bayer. Ak. Wiss., Cl. II. vol. xviii. Abth. ii. p. 210, pi. 
xviii. figs. 37-39. Goes, 1894, Kongl. Svenska Vetenskaps-Akad. 
Handlingar, vol. xxv. No. 9, p. 97, pi. xvi. fig. 808. Id., 1896, 
Bull. Mus. Comp. Zool. Harvard, vol. xxix. No. 1, p. 76. 
This species may be taken as a type around which several of 
the so-called species of Cretaceous Pulvinulinse, with nearly similar 
conformation, may be grouped. It is well, however, to bear in mind 
that the differences of these particular forms are hardly enough in 
some cases to warrant their having distinct specific names ; yet, for 
the sake of convenience and brevity, they are here retained as species 
instead of varieties or sub-varieties ; and at least some kind of dis- 
tinction is useful when applied to the study of the zonal distribution 
of the foraminiferal fauna. 
The typical P. elegans occurs in the Gault along with the closely 
allied forms of P. caracolla Bomer sp., P. reticulata Beuss sp., and 
P. Carpenteri Beuss sp. ; but the first-named species is distinguished 
by the inconspicuous septal lines — unlike P. caracolla, which has 
strong surface septation and usually more numerous chambers and 
whorls on the superior face. 
There is a remarkable feature with regard to the Pulvinulina of the 
“ elegans ” type, especially of those found in J urassic and Cretaceous 
deposits. They possess a supplementary orifice in addition to the 
normal slit situated on the inferior margin between the junction of the 
penultimate whorl and the last chamber. This supplementary aper- 
ture is a “ long, arched, linear slit immediately within the peripheral 
margin of the final segment on the inferior side and parallel to it — 
that is to say, an opening between the carinal border and the proper 
