ZOOLOGY AND BOTANY, MICROSCOPY, ETC. 
87 
Development of Caryophyllia cyathus.* * * § — Dr. G. von Koch describes 
the newly liberated free-swimming larvas, the newly fixed young polyps, 
the stages with 4, 6, 8, and 12 parietes, and the gradual growth of the 
skeleton. 
Porifera. 
Lacework Sponge.f — Mr. W. Blackburn gives a description of the 
external characters, skeletal system, and canals of Semperella Schulzei. 
New Calcareous Sponge.f — Herr L. L. Breitfuss describes under 
the name of Axandra liermesi a new sponge from the Adriatic. This 
form resembles A. reticulum O. S. very closely, but differs from it in the 
size and shape of its rhabdi. 
Protozoa. 
Coloration of Living Protozoa.§ — Herr S. Prowazek has made a 
series of experiments on the staining of living Paramcecia with neutral 
red. The first result of the staining is the appearance of a ring of 
coloured granules round the margins of the food-vacuoles. Observation 
shows that these granules are apparently connected with the process of 
digestion, and are perhaps the precursors of ferments. The staining was 
also very useful in the study of the rotation of the protoplasm and similar 
processes. The results are of some importance in reference to the ques- 
tion of the permeability of the outer layer of protoplasm. It has been 
stated that this permeability is characteristic of the parasitic Infusoria 
as contrasted with the free-living forms, where the mouth region only 
is credited with osmotic properties ; but some of the author’s experiments 
suggest the possibility of a surface osmosis even in free-living forms. 
Notes on the Protozoa. || — Dr. Fr. Doflein publishes some interest- 
ing notes on Kentrochona nebalise Bompel, and describes a new appar- 
ently closely related form as Kentrochonopsis muliipara . The first-named 
occurs in spring as a commensal on Nebalia geoffroyi. It is found 
on the gills in connection with the thoracic limbs, and feeds upon the 
organic particles contained in the respiratory currents. In the summer 
and autumn only females of Nebalia are obtainable ; at these seasons the 
respiratory movements are greatly modified owing to the presence of 
the eggs, and, in consequence apparently of this, Kentrochona is no 
longer present. A similar modification of the respiratory movements 
takes place in the mature male, but it is not known by wbat means 
Kentrochona is enabled to survive this periodic inability to maintain its 
commensalism. 
The structure and method of budding of Kentrochona are described 
in some detail. The new genus Kentrochonopsis is remarkable for its 
curious multiple budding, as many as seven buds being given off at 
once. 
New Freshwater Protista — Prof. J. Frenzel describes, under the 
name Modderula hartivigij a remarkable organism found in the Miiggel 
* MT. Zool. Sfcat. Neapel, xii. (1897) pp. 755-72 (1 pi. and 21 figs.). 
t Trans. Manchester Micr. Soc., 1896, issued 1897, pp. 57-61 (1 pi.). 
1 Zeitschr. wiss. Zool., Ixiii. (1897) pp. 39-42 (2 figs.). 
§ Tom. cit., pp. 187-94 (1 pi.). 
H Zool. Jahrb., x. (1897) pp. 619-46 (3 pis. and 11 figs.) j 
1 Biol. Centralbl., xvii. (1897) pp. 801-8. 
