106 
SUMMARY OF CURRENT RESEARCHES RELATING TO 
phosis of an entire leafless stem, and germinating by a protoneme ; 
(2) From leaves, either deciduous or fragile ; (3) From a protoneme; 
the bud-support may have the character either of a protoneme or of a 
rhizoid, according to the amount of chlorophyll which it contains ; 
(4) From paraphyses, or paraphyse-like hairs. These are again classi- 
fied under numerous subdivisions. 
The following new terms or limitation of old terms are proposed : — 
The term “ bulbil is confined to greatly reduced shoots. When the 
gemma becomes detached by the splitting through the middle lamella 
between two cells or groups of cells, it is schizolytic; when by the 
rupture of a cell and the disorganisation of its contents, rhexolytic. 
The cell thus ruptured is a tmema , which may be either a dolichotmema 
or a brachytmema , according as it is filiform or disc-shaped. 
Algae. 
Cystocarp in the Rhodymeniales.* — Mr. R. W. Phillips has studied 
the development of the procarp and cystocarp in several genera of Rho- 
dymeniales (including the Bonnemaisoniaceee, Rhodymeniaceae, Spheero- 
coccacese, and Ceramiaceae), and finds the phenomena in Bonnemaisonia 
to differ in several respects from those of the other families of Rhody- 
meniales. He does not agree with the view advanced by Davis,'!' that 
the mode of reproduction in the Florideee is frequently apogamous. 
In the case of Ptilota plumosa he had no difficulty in finding antheridial 
plants, and pollinoids were frequently seen attached to the trichogyne. 
He believes that in this, and in the allied genera, conjugation takes 
place between the carpogone and the auxiliary cell by means of an 
ooblastema-filament. In the Rhodymeniales the carpogone and auxiliary 
cell are always so situated that conjugation can take place between them 
by means of a short tube. 
Chantransia4 — Herr F. Brand discusses the relationship of the 
Chantransia- forms to the species of Batrachospermum, Lemanea, or 
Thorea , with which they are genetically connected, and contests the 
accuracy of the term prothallium applied to them by some authorities. 
He proposes in its place the term Sohle (sole), and compares them to 
somewhat similar structures, creeping and clasping organs, occurring 
in some green Algee, such as Stigeoclonium and Cladophora. The infre- 
quency of the Chantransia-iorm negatives any idea of a true “ alternation 
of generations.” 
The following seven forms occurring in Central k Germany are de- 
scribed: — (1) C. chalybea vars. muscicola and radians; (2) C. pygmaea 
forma typica ; (3) C. pygmaea var. fontana ; (4) C. violcicea forma typica ; 
(5) C. violacea forma fasciculata f. n. ; (6) C. sp. indeterm., of a blue 
colour and distinguished by the branches thickening towards the apex ; 
and (7) 0. Lemanese fluviatilis. Of these, (1), (2), and (3) are un- 
doubtedly forms of Batrachospermum , and (7) of Lemanea ; and these 
the author proposes to eliminate from the genus and form for them a 
new generic term Pseudo-chantransia, retaining the generic term Chan- 
transia for those forms, like (4), (5), and (6) which are not yet deter- 
mined with certainty to be connected genetically with any higher form. 
* Ann. of Bot., xi. (1897) pp. 347-68 (2 pis.). f Cf. this Journal, 1897, p. 148. 
X Hedwigia, xxxvi. (1897) pp. 300-19 (5 figs.). 
