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SUMMARY OF CURRENT RESEARCHES RELATING TO 
on the ventral wall of the gut in front of the umbilical aperture. From 
this groove there arise in succession, a dorsal or cephalic bud, a ventral 
or caudal bud, a posterior hud to the right, and the bile vesicle. The 
peculiarities are the close relation between the hepatic groove and the 
intestinal umbilicus, and the successive appearance of the various out- 
growing buds, the cystic part being formed last. 
The triple origin of the pancreas is suggested in the adult only by 
the three ducts. In the chick the two ventral diverticula form the 
final pancreas. In Larus and Sterna there is only one diverticulum ; 
in Reptiles there are two rudiments, but one of them atrophies. 
Epiphysis and Hypophysis in Frog.* * * § — Dr. F. Braem has made a 
fresh study of these structures. The epiphysial upgrowth is differen- 
tiated into a terminal vesicle (the parietal organ), a solid stalk which 
elongates into a thin strand, and a tubular basal portion (the epiphysis 
proper). The parietal organ does not undergo fatty degeneration, as is 
often said. It measures 0 * 1 mm. in diameter in the larva with internal 
gills, 0 • 25 mm. in the sexually mature frog. The original nervous con- 
nection between the parietal organ and the epiphysis also persists in 
some measure, but this is a complex matter. 
The hypophysis of the frog consists of three parts, two being 
glandular and the third nervous. The two glandular parts, arising 
from the mucus epithelium of the mouth, are quite separate in the adult, 
but connected in the young. A short nerve-strand connects the nervous 
part of the hypophysis with the anterior surface of the infundibulum. 
Braem makes reference to the figures which he has recently executed 
for Leuckart’s “ Wandtafeln.” 
Hypophysis of Mammals.f — Dr. Hans Salzer has studied this in the 
pig and guinea-pig. What marks his paper is that he gives a continuous 
account of the gradual transformation of the organ. He starts where 
so many leave off, with the establishment of the infundibular process 
and of the hypophysial saccule from the oral epithelium, and follows 
the differentiation onwards. Moreover, he compares the two mammals^ 
and finds that, though there is much in common, there are also marked 
peculiarities in each case. 
Development and Structure of the Lens.J — Prof. C. Rabl has 
published the first part of a detailed comparative account of the develop- 
ment and structure of the lens. This part deals especially with (1) the 
development in Pristiurus melanoslomns , (2) the structure in various 
Selachians, (3) the development in Siredon piscifonnis , and (4) the 
structure in various Amphibians. 
Development of External Form of Trout Embryo.§ — Herr Fr> 
Kopsch describes a series of twelve stages in the development of the 
trout, and gives beautiful drawings of the successive superficial appear- 
ances. He seeks to find “ the typical form ” for each stage, and to relate 
to this the numerous deviations. 
* Zeitschr. wiss. Zoo!., lxiii. (1898) pp. 433-9 (1 pi.), 
t Arch. Mikr. Anat., li. (1897) pp. 55-68 (1 pi.). 
% Zeitsclir. wiss. Zool., lxiii. (1898) pp. 496-572 (4 pis., 14 figs.). 
§ Arch. Mikr. Anat., li. (1897) pp. 181-213 (2 pis.). 
