ZOOLOGY AND BOTANY, MICROSCOPY, ETC. 
415 
Bibliotheca Zoologica.* — We have received the fourteenth instal- 
ment of Dr. O. Taschenberg’s well-known list of zoological publications 
in periodicals, between 1861 and 1880. It deals with birds and 
mammals. 
Reaction in Zoology.j— Prof. Ernst Haeckel makes a vigorous pro- 
test, entitled * Ascending or Descending Zoology.’ It has been provoked 
by Prof. A. Fleischmann’s ‘ Lehrbuch der Zoologie ’ (1898), which reverses 
the evolutionary order of treatment, and seems in other ways distinctly 
reactionary from the evolutionist’s point of view. 
Tunicata. 
NeuralllGlandlin gCynthialpapillosa4— Mr. M. M. Metcalf notes 
that the gland in this species, and in all the Cynthiidae he has studied, 
is epineural. The elongation of the gland and its lack of highly de- 
veloped tubular outgrowths is characteristic of the sub-family Cynthiinse. 
Its lumen is full of disintegrating cells from the dorsal wall of the 
enlarged portion of the duct, and these form the secretion. Auother 
point of interest is that the gland is prolonged backward and downward 
into the dorsal raphe, i.e. the median portion of the pharvngo-cloacal 
partition. This rapheal portion of the gland, which is found in many 
other forms, lies in the place formerly occupied by the trunk region of 
the larval nerve-tube. 
Australian Tunicata. $ — Prof. W. A. Herd man gives a preliminary 
account of the catalogue which he has prepared for the Australian 
museum at Sydney, and of some forms which are not represented in the 
museum collection. The list includes 63 species described and figured 
as new in the catalogue of the said museum ; but altogether there are 
180 species — a greater number than that (about 176) known from the 
shores of N. W. Europe. The great abundance of species in the southern 
seas bears out what the author stated in his ‘ Challenger ’ report, that 
tc Ascidians attain their greatest numerical development in southern 
temperate regions,” as Quoy and Gaimard had also maintained. The 
author adds that the extra-tropical southern species do not show any 
special relationship to the species of the northern hemisphere, and he 
does not think that the Tunicata can be said to give any support to a 
“ bipolar” hypothesis. 
Development of Double Larva of Diplosomidae.|| — M. Antoine 
Pizon confirms some of Salensky’s results (1894) on this subject, e.g. as 
to the origin of a double branchial-intestinal apparatus from one primi- 
tive cavity. He shows also that two epicardiac tubes from each bran- 
chial sac give origin to pericardium and heart, — a fact which escaped 
Salensky’s notice. Another interesting result is the observation that 
young buds appear on the twin individuals of the “ double larva,” even 
before hatching. 
* ‘ Bibliotheca Zoologica, ii. Verzeichniss der Scliriften iiber Zoologie welche 
inden periodischen Werken enthalten vom Jahre 1861—1880 selbststandig erschienen 
sind,’ Leipzig, 8vo, Sig. 521-60, pp. 4209-4528. 
t Jenaische Zeitschr. Naturwiss., xxiv. (1898) pp. 469-74. 
% Anat. Anzeig., xiv. (1898) pp. 467-70 (8 figs.). 
§ Ann. Nat. Hist., i. (1898) pp. 443-50. 
|| Comptes Rendus, cxxvi. (1898) pp. 848-50. 
