ZOOLOGY AND BOTANY, MICROSCOPY, ETC. 
543 
Reproduction in the Rotifera.* * * § — Mr. W. T. Caiman in this paper 
gives a very useful summary of the progress of recent researches in 
this direction by Maupas, Lauterborn, Nussbaum, and others. Tlio 
various memoirs have already been noticed in these pages. 
Nematohelminth.es . 
Centrosomes in Ascaris megalocephala.f — Dr. E. Fiirst finds that 
there are still many obscure phenomena in the behaviour of the much- 
investigated ovum of Ascaris megalocephala. He found, for instance, 
that directive-spindles may occur quite like cleavage-spindles with two 
large astrospheres. The remarkable divergence of the typical directive- 
spindles is not disposed of by the alleged presence of centrosomes. 
Unless the whole directive-spindle is to be interpreted as a centrosome, 
Fiirst finds none. His observations show clearly that the constitution 
of the achromatin division-figure may be very varied in the object under 
discussion. To face these divergenes may lead to an understanding of 
the different types of indirect nuclear division. 
American Gordiacea.J — Dr. T. H. Montgomery, jun., describes 17 
species from American collections, including 5 new species of Gordius , 
Paragordius g. n., with Leidy’s Gordius varius as type, and 5 new 
species of Chordodes. The paper was sent to press before the author 
received Camerano’s monograph, in which the new genus Paragordius 
was also established. 
Phagocytic Structures in Strongylus armatus.§ — Prof. N. Nasso- 
now describes three pairs of unicellular stellate structures on the ventral 
surface near or on the middle line. Schneider noted the first pair in 
1866. The author has found experimental proof of their phagocytic 
power. He could detect no other structures with this capacity, and no 
leucocytes. 
Eustrongylus gigas in Dogs.|| — Herr J. Rotstadt reports the 
occurrence of this parasite in over 10 per cent, of 340 dogs at Warsaw. 
The copulation in the kidney was observed and photographed. Those 
found in the body-cavity were mostly in the region of the liver. The 
history of the parasite’s behaviour remains obscure. 
Platyhelminthes. 
Phylogeny of Cestodes.1T — Herr E. Lonnberg derives Trematodes 
and Cestodes from a common stock among the Rhabdocoele Turbellaria. 
The primitive Cestodes are most nearly represented by the Diphyllida. 
From the main stem there diverged on the one hand the Pseudophyllida 
— Bothriodium, BotJirimonas, Trisenojphorus, Bothriocejplialus , Schisto- 
cejphalus Ligula, Cyattiocephalus (?) and Archigetes (?) — and, on the other 
hand, the Tetraphyllida (all other forms). 
* Natural Science, July 1898, pp. 43-51. 
f Arch. Mikr. Anat., lii. (1898) pp. 97-133 (2 pl3.). 
X Bull. Mus. Comp. Zool. Harvard, xxxii. (1898) pp. 23-59 (15 pis.). 
§ Zool. ADzeig., xxi. (1898) pp. 360-3 (1 fig.). 
|) Arbeit. Lab. Zool. Univ. Warschau, 1897, pp. 147-51 (1 pi.) [Russian]. See 
Zool. Centralbl., v. (1898) pp. 407-8. 
Tf Centralbl. [Bakt. Par., xxi. (1897) pp. 674-84, 725-31 (54 figs.). See Zool. 
Centralbl., v. (1898) pp. 365-6. 
