544 
SUMMARY OF CURRENT RESEARCHES RELATING TO 
Helminthological Notes. — Dr. M. C. Francaviglia * * * § gives an account 
of the parasitic worms found in Gobius avernensis Canestr. : — 2 Cestodes, 
1 Trematode, 3 Nematodes (including Filaria Gnrruccioi sp. n.), and 
4 Acanthocephala. 
Dr. G. Lepri f discusses the parasites found in birds of prey in the 
Roman province : — 9 Nematodes, 3 Cestodes, and 3 Acanthocephala. 
Dr. Galli- Valerio J describes a case in which Cysticercus cellulosse 
was found in human muscle. One of the two specimens was without 
rostellum or hooks. The experiment of swallowing six living speci- 
mens of Cysticercus pisiformis had no results. Experiments show the 
great power of resistance possessed by the embryos of Strongylus apri 
to heat, drought, and some reagents. 
Gonads of some Species of Tsenia.§ — Dr. F. Holzberg describes 
the reproductive organs in Tsenia tetragona Mol., T. madasgascariensis 
Dav., and T. cesticillus Mol. (non Duj.), which belong to the group 
Davainea. He gives some notably clear semi-diagrammatic figures. 
Taenia nana. || — Dr. K. Miura and F. Yamazaki record an occurrence 
of this human? tape worm in Japan, where it has not been previously 
observed. A short description of the worm and its eggs is given. 
Incertae Sedis. 
Enteropneusta of Funafuti.1T — Mr. J. P. Hill lias given a detailed 
description of Ptychodera licdleyi sp. n., from the atoll Funafuti. 
Echinoderma. 
Echini of the ‘ Albatross.’** — Pi of. A. Agassiz makes a preliminary 
report on the Echini collected by the £ Albatross * off the west coast of 
Central America to the Galapagos, to the west coast of Mexico, and 
in the Gulf of California. “ As regards the distribution of Echini in 
the Pacific, we have at the present day a condition of things very 
similar to that which must have prevailed in the Atlantic when the 
species of Echini living in the Crag and in the Maltese beds had their 
representatives in the West Indies, having, as has been suggested, found 
their way from the Mediterranean along the shores of an ancient con- 
tinent. Some of the species living on the west coast of Central America 
have a very extended geographical distribution in the Pacific, and yet 
no one claims that this great range has been brought about by their 
migration along the shores of a continent, or continental islands, exist- 
ing between Panama and the Sandwich Islands or the Marquesas. The 
great equatorial current gives us a cause fully efficient to effect such 
a wide distribution, and that in a comparatively short time.” Even 
when there are no Plutei, the young are capable of being transported 
long distances by currents. The young and embryos of the Echinoderms 
* Bull. Soc. Rom. Stud. Zool., vii. (1898) pp. 1-17 (1 pi ) 
t Tom. cit., pp. 52-69 (1 pi.). 
i CR. Soc. Vaudoise Sci. Nat., in Arch. Sci. Phys. Nat., v. (1898) pp. 572-3. 
§ Zool. Jalirb., xi. (1898) pp. 153-92 (2 pis.). 
|] MT. Med. Fac. Univ. Tokio, iii. (1897) pp. 239-58 (1 pi.). 
Mem. Austral. Mus., iii. (1897) pp. 205-10, 335-46 (5 pis.). See Zool. Cen- 
tralbl., v. (1898) pp. 452-5. 
** Bull. Mus. Comp. Zool. Harvard, xxxii. (1898) pp. 71-86 (13 pis., 1 map). 
