568 
SUMMARY OF CURRENT RESEARCHES RELATING TO 
mentary branching) belonging, according to the structure of their cells, 
to the Cladojfhorese, but not referable to any other genus of the order. 
Fungi. 
Lipase in Fungi.* — From Penicillium glaucum M. E. Gerard has 
extracted a ferment which he finds to be identical with lipase, or at all 
events very nearly related to it. 
Protoplasm of the Mucorinese.f — Pursuing his researches on the 
structure of the protoplasm and the seat of the protoplasmic currents in 
Mortierella , M. L. Matruchot states that in the Mucorineae the proto- 
plasm is differentiated into a transparent mass of hyaloplasm and a 
certain number of granular protoplasm cords (“ enchylema ”) enclosed 
and distributed regularly at the periphery. With increase of age the 
protoplasmic cords become distributed throughout the mass, and finally 
become transformed into a more and more watery hyaloplasm. This 
final condition is not due, as has been stated in the case of the higher 
plants, to the extension of the vacuoles. 
Biology of Uredinese.J — Dr. H. Klebahn reviews the present position 
of our knowledge respecting the biology of the UredineaB, and gives a 
summary of the most recent additions to that knowledge. He lays 
especial stress on the existence of “ biological species ” or “ species 
sorores ,” groups in which the aecidioforms are scarcely distinguishable, 
while the uredoforms and teleutoforms present appreciable differences. 
Of these groups of biological species the following may be regarded as 
established. Peridermium Pini f. acicola comprises at least 9 or 10 
morphologically indistinguishable or scarcely distinguishable species 
belonging to the genus Coleosporium , recognised only by cultivation on 
the teleutospore hosts. Cseoma Lands consists, in the same way, of 4 
or 5 species whose teleutoforms are species of Melampsora parasitic on 
poplars, birches, and willows. On Phalaris arundinacea are a series of 
puccinioforms of the type of P. sessilis, distinguished from one another 
according as the secidioforms are parasitic on species of Arum , Leucojum, 
Allium , Orchis , or Convallaria. Several series of biologically different 
forms occur among the Uredineae of cereal crops and other grasses. The 
same is the case with the rusts of Car ex. 
Germination of jEcidiospores.§ — Dr. P. Nypels calls attention to the 
fact that some Uredinese belonging to the genus Endophyllum produce 
aecidiospores which germinate in an unusual manner, similar to that of 
teleutospores. This occurs abnormally in E. Sempervivi, much more 
commonly in AEcidium leucospermum parasitic on Anemone nemorosa. 
Some of the aecidiospores of this species germinate in the ordinary way ; 
others form secondary spores at the apex of the germinating filament ; 
these appear to pass through a period of rest before germinating. 
Parasitic Fungi. — M. L. Mangin |) has established the truly parasitic 
nature of Septoria graminum, which attacks the leaves of wheat. 
* Bull. Soc. Mycol. France, 1897, p. 182. See Bot. Centralbl., lxxv. (1888) p. 76. 
f Comptes Rendus, cxxvi. (1898) pp. 1363-5. Cf. this Journal, 1897, p. 219. 
X Bot. Ztg., lvi. (1898) 2 te Abt., pp. 145-58. 
§ Ann. Soc. Beige Microscopic, xxii. (1898) pp. 101-11 (5 figs.). Ann. de Micro- 
graphie, x. (1898) pp. 214-19 (1 fig.). 
|| Comptes Rendus, cxxvi. (1898) pp. 1438-40. 
