38 
The marine animals of these strata were described by Prof, de Koninck 
in his work quoted above (No. 39), and it was shown that the greater part of 
the fossils indicated an Upper Carboniferous age. The age of the included 
plant beds and coal measures is therefore fixed by the age of the underlying 
and overlying marine beds, notwithstanding the occurrence there of various 
species of Glossoptcris and Noggerathiopsis, which are hereafter very numerous 
in higher beds. Here, therefore, is the first appearance of Glossopteris in 
great numbers (abstracting the doubtful occurrence of Glossopteris linearis at 
Arowa). Age — Middle and Upper Carboniferous. 
5. The Newcastle Beds, or Upper Coal Measures. 
By all authors, and especially by Mr. W. B. Clarke himself, these 
Upper Coal Measures are distinctly placed above the Upper Marine beds, 
from which point of view also their age must be judged. The fossils they 
contain are to the greatest extent plant remains, but fish remains were also 
found, representing, however, only one species. 
The chief localities arc: Newcastle, Blackman’s Swamp, Bowenfels, 
Guntawang near Mudgee, Mulubimba,* Ulawarra, Wollongong, &c.+ 
Their fossils are — 
TJrosthenes australis, Dana; a heterocercal fish. Newcastle. 
Bhyllo theca australis, Bgt. Newcastle (Mulubimba). 
Vertehraria australis, M‘Coy. Newcastle (Mulubimba) ; Bowenfels. 
Sphenopteris lohijolia, Morr. Newcastle (Mulubimba). 
,, alata, Bgt. sp. Hawkcsbury River ; Mulubimba. 
,, alata, var. exilis, Morr. Newcastle basin. 
., hastata, M‘Coy. Mulubimba. 
,, germana, M‘Coy. Mulubimba. 
,, plumosa, M £ Coy. Mulubimba. 
,, jlexuosa, M‘Coy. Mulubimba. 
Glossopteris Browniana, Bgt. Newcastle (Mulubimba); Ulawarra; 
Blackman’s Swamp ; Bowenfels, &c. 
Glossoptcris linearis, M‘Cov. Newcastle ; Wollongong ; Ulawarra. 
,, ampla, Dana. Newcastle. 
„ reticulum, Dana. Newcastle. 
,, elongate, Dana. Newcastle. 
,, cordate, Dana. Ulawarra. 
* Mr. Tenison -Woods, in li is work on tlie Australian Coal flora (No. 55), writes, p. 53, I think for the 
same locality, Mtdimbuln, although further in the text he also uses Mulubimba. 
t [The only locality here mentioned within the Upper Coal-measures, or Newcastle group, is Newcastle 
itself, the aboriginal name of which was Mulumbimba. Blackman’s Swamp, Bowenfels, Ulawarra, and Wollongong 
arc now believed by the Government Geologist to be localities of the Lower Coal Measures. The position of the 
Guntawang deposit is at present uncertain. — E. E., jun.] 
