119 
llhacopteris incequilatera , the same as occurs at Smith’s Creek, near Stroud, 
and that, therefore, Arowa also belongs to the Loavci* Carboniferous, so that 
here would he the oldest Glossopteris. 
The next horizon, where Glossopteris is more numerous, is the so- 
called Lower Coal Measures, between the Upper and Lower Marine beds, 
which, as shown before, represent the Middle and Upper Carboniferous 
horizon. This is in New South Wales and Queensland.* 
The chief development of Glossopteris lies in the Newcastle beds or 
Upper Coal Measures, which are probably equivalents of the Permian Epoch, 
and which lie above the ice-borne conglomerate. It appears to occupy a 
similar position in the Lower Coal beds in Tasmania with Glossopteris and 
Gangamop teris, as has been shown before, when discussing the general 
relations of the plant beds in that province. 
(b) In India. — Here the range of Glossopteris is much higher. 
Glossopteris begins, as has been ascertained by me beyond any doubt, in 
the Talcliir shales above the Talchir boulder bed (ice-borne?). It is more 
frequent in the Karharbari beds, the coal-bearing portion of the Talchir 
division, which, as shown before, probably represents the Permian Epoch. 
It reaches its highest development, however, in the Damuda division, and 
there in the highest group (Paniganj-Kamtlii), and it passes on into the 
Panchct division, both divisions forming what I now call Middle Gondwanas, 
which probably represent the Trias. But we find it also in one instance at 
least in the Upper Gondwanas (Jurassic), viz., in the Jabalpur Group of the 
Satpara Basin, where it was noticed by myself. 
( c ) In Africa. — Glossopteris occurs in Southern Africa in the Karoo 
Eormation, in beds above the Dwyka Conglomerate, and which on the whole 
correspond with the Damuda division in India. 
(pi) In Prussia. — In a paper, f entitled “Der Klinische Sandstein,” Prof. 
Trautscliold describes a fern with the name Glossopteris solitaria. The form 
of the leaf agrees - well with that of Glossopteris, and Prof. Trautscliold 
[* With the exception of M'Coy’s locality — Arowa, in the Lower Carboniferous, or Stroud Group — the 
lowest horizon at which Glossopteris is known to occur is the Lower Marine Group. The plant was found at 
Stony Creek, West Maitland, by Mr. Geological-Surveyor David in these beds, and again by Mr. B. Dunstan in 
the Lower Marine Group at Wollongong. In Queensland Glossopteris occurs not only in the Upper or Fresh- 
water Group of the Bowen River Coal-field, the probable equivalents of our Newcastle Coal Measures, but also in 
the Middle or Marine Group of the same field, representing the Upper Marine Group of New South Wales. 
(Etheridge, Froc. 11. Phys. Soo., Edinburgh, 1880, V, p. 326). — B.E., jun.] 
f Nouv. Mem. Soc. Imp. Nat. Moscou, Vol. XIII, p. 221, PI. XIX, f. 1. 
