ZOOLOGY AND BOTANY, MICROSCOPY, ETC. 
43 
as characteristic of Sipunculids ; a review of the opinions and statements 
of earlier investigators into the subject is now given. 
Mr. Andrews sees nothing in the adult Sipunculid that may not be 
explained on the assumption of lost metamerism ; even the genital 
organs suggest a derivation from those of the Polychaeta, with which 
they very closely agree in structure and fate ; their attachment to the 
posterior side of a septum may now be indicated by their attachment to 
the retractors. 
j 8. Nemathelmintlies. 
Nematodes of Mammalian Lungs and Lung Disease.* — Herr A. 
Mueller has, in a convenient manner, brought together and added to our 
knowledge of round worms infecting the lungs of Mammals. Twenty- 
five species of mammals are known to be so infected, among which are 
Man, the Dog, the Fox, the Hare and Eabbit, the Pig and Ox ; sheep 
suffer most from these parasites, the most common of which is Strongylus 
filaria , which is found in eight species of Ruminants. Great care has 
been given to the description of the species of Strongylus. 
Allantonema and Diplogaster.j— Dr. v. Linstow remarks that he 
can add another to the several cases which prove that a division into 
free-living and parasitic Nematodes does not accord with known facts. He 
has received some specimens of Tomicus typographus, which had in its 
body-cavity a large Allantonema ; the larvae are very active, and make 
their way into the intestine whence they escape on to the back of the 
beetle, where they live between the elytra and wings, or between the 
wings and the surface of the body. Passing thence into damp earth, they 
become sexually developed Nematodes in ten days. They move about 
actively. There are six seta?, 0*005 mm. long in the head, and 
internally to them are six shorter setae, which surround the mouth. 
The male is 0*84 mm. long, and 0*021 mm. broad; the female is 
1*03-0*97 mm. by 0*029 mm. If one were to find these Nematodes 
without knowing whence they came, they would be placed in the genus 
Diplogaster , and the author proposes for this new species the name of 
Allantonema diplogaster. On returning to the beetle they pass into the 
hermaphrodite stage. 
y. Platyhelminth.es. 
Enantia spinifera.J — Prof. L. v. Graff describes Enantia spinifera as 
the representative of a new family — Enantiidae — of Polyclads, which may 
be thus defined: — Body oval, smooth, without sucker or tentacles. 
Mouth near the anterior end, immediately behind the brain. Pharynx 
bell-shaped, directed forwards. There is no anterior median branch of 
the enteron, and the enteric branches anastomose. Male reproductive 
apparatus simple, with a muscular seminal vesicle directed forwards, 
placed directly behind the pharyngeal pouch, and opening there. Female 
reproductive apparatus opens a short distance behind the male, and has 
* Deutsch. Zeitschr. f. Thiermed. u. Vergl. Path.,xv. (1889) pp. 261-321 (4 pis.). 
See Centralbl. f. Bakteriol. u. Parasitenk., viii. (1890) pp. 706-8. 
t Centralbl. f. Bakteriol. u. Parasitenk., viii. (1890) pp. 488-93 (6 figs.). 
X Mittheil. Naturwiss. Yer f. Steiermark, xxvi. (1890) pp. 1-16 (1 pi.). 
