ZOOLOGY AND BOTANY, MICROSCOPY, ETC. 
47 
glottis. Their fine efferent ducts, which have a distinct wall with 
much flattened cells, become united into two anterior and two posterior 
collecting ducts, which open into the hinder end of the vas deferens. 
This is a pretty thick and closely coiled tube which opens into the large 
penial (cirrus) sac, where it is prolonged into a spirally coiled cirrus. 
The neck of the pyriform sac and the terminal part of the vagina are 
surrounded by a common layer of strong circular, muscles. The wall of 
the genital atrium as well as that of the cirrus is beset with hairs. 
On the whole, it will be seen that the generative apparatus of Tsenia 
Echinococcus does not essentially differ from that of other Tsenise. 
Tseniae of Birds and others.* — Dr. v. Linstow has notes and 
descriptions of thirteen species, some of which are new. He first gives 
a detailed account of his species Tsenia puncta fron Gorvus corone and 
G. nebula. The pathological anatomy of T. mediocanellata is next dis- 
cussed. T. crassicollis sp. n. was found in the intestine of Sorex vulgaris ; 
the scolex is very large and broad, and the spindle-shaped rostellum is 
0*22 mm. x O’ 19 mm., and there are on it seventeen hooks 0*052 mm. 
long. Diplostomum Gobitidis sp. n. was found encapsuled and free in 
the body-cavity of Gobitis barbatula. Echinorhynchus tseniseformis sp. n. 
was found in the intestine of Garanx sp. ; and Spiropterina injlata sp. n. 
lives attached to the gastric w&ll of Scyllium immoratum. Filaria hyalina 
and Oxysoma tridentatum are two new Nematodes, found respectively in 
the intestines of Sorex vulgaris and Triton cristatus. Ascaris gracillima 
sp. n. was found in an asexual stage in the intestines of Cobitis barbatula , 
Ehoxinus Isevis, and Gastrosteus aculeatus. A well-marked new species 
— Trichosoma spinulosum — was found in the caecum of Fuligula ferina. 
In conclusion, there are some interesting notes on the Frog- parasite 
Angiostomum nigrovenosum. 
Parasitic Origin of Pernicious Ansemia.t — M. A. Eailliet finds that 
pernicious anaemia in man and animals may be caused by various parasites. 
The liver-parasites are Distomum hepaticum and D. lanceolatum , in the 
Sheep ; Coccidium oviforme , in the Rabbit ; Echinococcus polymorphus , 
in Man and Ruminants. The enteric parasites are various : — Tsenise, 
in the Sheep and Rabbit ; Bothriocephalus latus, in Man ; Ankylostoma 
duodenale, in Man ; Dochmius trigonocephalus, in Cats ; the same and 
D. stenocephalus, in Hounds ; Sclerostoma hypostomum and S. tetracanthum , 
in Horses ; Strongylus contortus and S. filicollis , in Sheep and Oxen ; 
St. strigosus and St. retortseformis, in Hares and Rabbits. 
5. Incertse Sedis. 
Morphological Significance of Organic Systems of Enteropneusta.f 
Prof. W. Schimkewitsch gives an abstract of two memoirs, written by 
himself in Russian, on the homology of various organs of the Entero- 
pneusta, Echinodermata, and Chordata. He takes as his starting-point 
the stage in Echinoderm development which has been called by Semon 
the Pentactula. The proboscis of Balanoglossus is comparable to cephalic 
lobes, the coelomic cavity of which is separated off from the archenteron 
* Archiv f. Naturgesch., lvi. (1890) pp. 171-88 (1 pi.). 
f Revue GeneT. d. Sciences Pures et Appliq., i. (1890) pp. 291-9 (5 figs.). See 
Centralbl. f. Bakteriol. u. Parasitenk., viii. (1890) p. 500. 
X Anat. Anzeig., v. (1890) pp. 29-32. 
