ZOOLOGY AND BOTANY, MICROSCOPY, ETC. 
67 
Morphology of Utricularia.* — Prof. K. Goebel describes a number 
of species of Utricularia , chiefly from the East Indies. In U. orbiculata 
the embryo of the very small seeds has no radicle ; of the two minute 
cotyledons, one appears to develope into the first leaf, the other into the 
first bladder or into a stolon. The terrestrial species are divided into 
three groups — those in which the leaves are without bladders, those in 
which the leaves have bladders, and those in which the leaves have 
normal stolons. 
Of the leaves, Goebel describes six kinds, four of them belonging to 
the aquatic, two to the terrestrial forms. The stolons are of two kinds, 
leafy and leafless. In the aquatic species the leafy stolons are branching 
floating shoots, bearing the leaves in two rows ; in the terrestrial forms 
the leaves are usually dorsal, the stolons lateral or ventral. The leafless 
stolons may either bear bladders, or may be naked rhizoids without 
either leaves or bladders. 
The bladders are found on the primary shoot, on the stolons, and on 
the leaves. Each species has its own characteristic form of bladder, 
and these may be classified in three groups : — (1) Those of the aquatic 
species, which more or less resemble the bladders of U. vulgaris; 
(2) bladders with long antennae and the upper wall of the funnel elon- 
gated (JJ . orbiculata , cserulea, bifida, elachista, &c.) ; (3) bladders with 
broad funnel-like opening and a proboscis ( U . rosea , Warburgi sp. n., 
&c.). The stolons may be either axial structures or metamorphosed 
leaves. 
Structure of Sapindacese.t — Dr. L. Radlkofer discusses in great 
detail the anatomy and morphology, the limits and affinities, and the 
classification of the hundred and seventeen genera belonging to this 
natural order, which he divides into two suborders — the Eusapindaceae, 
with a solitary, apotropous, erect or suberect ovule in each loculus ; and 
the Dyssapindaceae, with two or more (rarely solitary) epitropous and 
pendulous ovules in each loculus. 
$. Physiology. 
(1) Reproduction and Germination. 
Hybridization and Crossing.}: — Herr W. Focke finds that, while 
lilies of the group L. bulbiferum are almost invariably sterile with their 
own pollen, they are readily fertilized by pollen from any other indi- 
vidual of the same group. The same is the case with Hemerocallis flava , 
and probably all other species except H. minor. 
A hybrid is readily obtained between Tragopogon pratense and 
T. porrifolitim . 
The two species of Melilotus, M. albus and M. macrorhizus , the one 
white, the other yellow, are both freely visited by honey-bees, which, 
as a rule, confine themselves rigorously to flowers of one colour on the 
* Ann. Jard. Bot. Buitenzorg, ix. (1890) pp. 41-119 (10 pis.). Cf. this Journal, 
1889, p. 780. 
t SB. K. Bayer. Akad. Wiss. Miinchen, 1890, pp. 105-379. 
X Abhandl. Naturw. Ver. Bremen, xi, (1890) pp. 413-22. See Bot. Centralbl., 
xliii. (1890) p. 34. 
