ZOOLOGY AND BOTANY, MICROSCOPY, ETC. 
79 
point the development of the receptacle is very uniform. As regards 
classification, the author first divides the Phalloidese into the Clathrefe 
and Phalleae; Kalchbrennera being nearly related to the former. The 
genera are then described in detail, many of those belonging to the 
Clathreoe passing gradually one into another. 
New Genera of Basidiomycetes.* — In a critical account of the 
Gasteromycetes and Hymenomycetes of Finland, comprising 1255 
species, Herr P. A. Karsten describes, in addition to a large number 
of new species, the following new genera: — Phisisporinus (Polyporeae, 
separated from Poria'), Onnia (Polyporeae, separated from Polyporus ), 
Elfvingia (Polyporeae, from Forties ), Kneiffiella (Grandinieae, from 
Hydnurri), and the following under Thelephoreae : — Lomatia (separated 
from Thelephora), Sterellum (from Stereum), Chsetocarpus (from Thele - 
pliora ), Trichocarpus (from Xerocarpus ), Cryptochsete (from TJielephora 
and Corticium ), Phanerochsete (from Thelephora ), P eniophorella , Hymeno- 
chaetella , Gloeocystidium (from Grandinia ), Diplonema , ConiophoreUa (from 
Hypochnus), Hypochnopsis (from Hypochnus and Lyomyces). 
Protophyta. 
a. Schizophyceae, 
Defensive Structure of Diatoms.t — Continuing his observations on 
this subject, Dr. D. Levi-Morenos classifies the general forms of diatoms 
under three heads, viz.: — (1) Spherical, with polyhedral, conical, and 
cylindrical derivatives. (2) Fusiform, with naviculoid and bacilliform 
derivatives. (3) Irregular, with bi-, tri-, and pluripolar derivatives. In 
each group those forms appear to have specially survived which were 
best calculated, in the modes already indicated, either to resist being 
swallowed by aquatic animals, or, if swallowed, to emerge rapidly and 
uninjured from the intestinal canal. 
Pelagic Diatoms. J —Sig. O. E. Imhof has examined the pelagic 
flora of the Lake of Zurich at depths varying from 30-60 metres, and 
finds diatoms at all these depths, accompanied by a few Nostocaceae, 
Oscillariaceae, and Chroococcaceae, and by abundance of Schizomycetes. 
At a depth of 60 metres the following diatoms were found, — Asterionella 
formosa , Nitzschia pecten , Synedra longissima , Cymatopleura elliptica , 
Diatoma sp., Fragillaria sp., and Cyclotella sp. ; while at a depth of 
100 m. Anabsena circinalis was abundant. The numbers of the two first- 
named diatoms were greater at a depth of 80-90 m. than at lesser 
depths. 
£. Schizomycetes. 
Drawings of Bacteria. — The authorities of the Natural History 
Museum, South Kensington, have placed in the central hall of that 
institution a small temporary exhibit, consisting of a set of highly 
magnified drawings of bacteria. It includes such prominent forms as 
Bacillus tuberculosis Koch and the bacillus of fowl-cholera, and is the 
work of Dr. W. Migula. 
* ‘Kritisk Ofversigt af Finlands Basidsvampar,’ Helsingfors, 1889, 470 pp. 
S^e Bot. Centralbl., xliii. (1890) p. 383. 
t Notarisia, v. (1890) pp. 1007-14, 1092-6. See this Journal, 1890, p. 650. 
j^Notarisia, v. (1890) pp. 996-1000. 
