138 
SUMMARY OF CURRENT RESEARCHES RELATING TO 
cent.) should then be injected into the month, and the specimens placed 
in 70 per cent, alcohol. The injection should be repeated each time the 
alcohol is changed. 
Syjmpta should be fixed by immersion in a tube containing a mixture 
of equal parts of sea-water and ether (or chloroform), where they remain 
completely expanded. They should then be washed for a short time in 
fresh water, and passed into alcohol, taking care to increase the strength 
of this very gradually. 
Vermes. — Cestodes, Trematodes, Turbellaria, as well as Nemathel- 
minths, are most satisfactorily killed with corrosive sublimate, either 
cold or hot. Sagitta, however, succeeds best in copper sulphate and 
sublimate or chrom-osmic mixture. 
Nemerteans should be narcotized in a solution of chloral hydrate in 
sea-water 1 per cent., where they should remain for six to twelve hours. 
They are then to be hardened in alcohol. Gephyreans may be narcotized 
with 1 per cent, solution of chloral hydrate in sea-water, or in alcoholized 
sea-water, three to six hours ; or may be killed at once in one-half per 
cent, chromic acid, which last method may be also applied to Hirudinea. 
Chaetopods are best narcotized in sea-water containing 5 per cent, of 
absolute alcohol, or by adding gradually to the snrface of the sea-water 
in which they are contained a mixture of glycerin 1 part, 70 per cent, 
alcohol 2 parts, and sea-water 2 parts, hardening them subsequently in 
alcohol. Chwtopterus is best killed with 1 per cent, chromic acid, in 
which they should remain for half an hour ; while the Hermellidae, 
Aphroditidae, and the Eunicinse may be killed in cold corrosive sublimate. 
Some of these, such as Diopatra, may, however, be narcotized in alco- 
holized sea-water. 
Serpulidae, before treatment with corrosive sublimate, should be 
narcotized in 1 per cent, chloral hydrate, which causes them to protrude 
wholly or partly from their tubes. 
Crustacea. — Cladocera, Copepods, and Schizopods may be killed in 
corrosive sublimate dissolved in sea-water. Ostracods may be thrown 
at once into 70 per cent, alcohol. Cirripeds die expanded in 35 per 
cent, alcohol, and if some specimens contract it is easy to draw out the 
cirri with forceps. Amphipods and Isopods may pass directly into 
70 per cent, alcohol, except the Bopyrids and Entoniscids, which should 
be killed in the mixture of equal parts of 90 per cent alcohol and 
sublimate solution. 
To avoid the casting-off of the appendages of the Decapods they 
should be allowed to die in fresh water, care being taken not to allow 
them to remain in it longer than is necessary, as it causes a distortion 
of the membranous appendages. 
Pycnogonids will die in one-half per cent, chromic acid, with the 
appendages fully extended. 
Mollusca. — Lamellibi anchs, Prosobranchs, and Heteropods should be 
narcotized in alcoholized sea-water. To avoid the closure of the valves 
of Lamellibranchs on immersion in 70 per cent, alcohol, little plugs of 
wood should be placed between the margins of the valves. The same 
result may be effected in the case of Prosobranchs by tying the internal 
edge of the operculum to the shell. 
Of the Opisthobranchs the HDolidae may be the best preserved by 
