ZOOLOGY AND BOTANY, MICROSCOPY, ETC. 
189 
attached the doublo muscles which move the naupliar appendages. The 
embryo undergoes several eedyses before ceasing to have the form of 
the typical Nauplius. It becomes converted into the Metanauplius by 
the appearance of a rigid seta at the tip of the tegumentary fold which 
forms the first maxilla. The tripartite eye of the adult and the third 
thoracic somite, with its pair of appendicular thickenings, now appear. 
The next stage is the first cyclopoid stage, in which the body consists 
of six segments and a furca. In the second cyclopoid stage there 
are seven segments ; the embryos swim actively towards light, and their 
musculature is well developed. In the next stage the young Copepods 
enter the Tunicate which shelters them. In the Enterocolidae the 
metamorphoses are now abbreviated, and the author has not seen the 
Metanauplius- stage. 
Dendrogaster, a new form of Ascothoracida.* — Herr N. Knipowitsch 
describes Dendrogaster astericola g. et sp. n., a remarkable Crustacean 
parasite, previously found by Prof. N. Wagner in Echinaster sarsii and by 
Prof. W. Schimkewitsch in Solaster papposus. Knipowitsch discovered 
it again in the body-cavity of Echinaster sarsii, and found it filled with 
02 /pns-like-larvae, which lived for some time in the aquarium. The 
parasite is about 9 mm. in length, 10-11 mm. in breadth; the colour is 
orange-red ; the shape is that of a double-lobed sac, the right and left 
halves of which are connected by a bridge, raised like a cone and 
bearing a dorsal aperture. The organs of the body lie for the most 
part in this conical region, the rest is a mantle with branched prolonga- 
tions from the stomach. On the ventral surface lie a pair of four-jointed 
antennae with strong hooks, a large oral cone with a strong lip, a pair 
of maxillae, and some doubtful rudiments. A roundish region, which 
bears the opening of the vas deferens on a terminal papilla, corresponds 
to the abdomen. The gullet is lined by chitin, the stomach is much 
branched, there is no hind-gut nor anus. Round the gullet lies the 
nervous system, with supraoesopliageal ganglion, suboesophageal ganglion, 
commissures connecting them, and a reduced rounded ventral chain. 
Paired testes lie ventrally in the abdomen ; the lobed ovary lies in 
front of and above them. The larvae were certainly Cypris-\ike, but 
Knipowitsch found that they differed in several respects from those of 
Cirripedes. As to the position of this strange animal, he ranks it with 
Laura gfrardise (Lacaze Duthiers), Synagoga mira (Norm an), Petrarca 
hathyacthidis (Fowler), in the group Ascothoracida, as a subdivision of 
Oirripedia. The geographical distribution of the group is remarkable, 
for Laura occurs in the Mediterranean towards the African coast, 
Synagoga in the Gulf of Naples, Petrarca at a depth of 2300 fathoms 
(lat. 35° 41' N., long. 157° 42' E.), and Dendrogaster in the White 
Sea at a depth of a few fathoms. 
Monstrilla and the Cymbasomatidae.f — Mr. I. C. Thompson urges 
reasons against the view of Mr. G. C. Bourne, that the Cymbasomatidm 
should be regarded as a subfamily of the Corycaeidse, and he places 
their distinctive characters in a clear way before us. He urges that they 
should be kept distinct, and suggests that the natural position of the 
family is close to the Artotrogidse. 
* Biol. Centralbl., x. (1891) pp. 707-11 (3 figs.). 
f Trans. Biol. Soc. Liverpool,, iv. (1890) pp. 115-24 (1 pi.). 
