200 
SUMMARY OF CURRENT RESEARCHES RELATING TO 
cases where a number of sexually mature joints are retained in the host, 
whether in the chain-form or in free proglottids. 
Soon after the discovery of these joints Dr. Pintner had the great 
good fortune to examine another proglottid of the same worm and of 
about the same age as the others, which, superficially, exhibited nothing 
remarkable, but which, when a series of sections were made, revealed the 
astonishing fact that the penis of this proglottid had entered deeply 
into the vagina of the same joint. The most remarkable point in this 
case was the extraordinary depth to which the penis had entered the 
vagina, for it had passed the loop and reached as far as the level of 
the generative orifice. 
These observations justify the assertion of the existence of typical 
cross-fertilization in the Cestoda, and, at the same time, confirm the much- 
discussed observations of Van Beneden andLeuckart on self-fertilization. 
They, further, strongly support the views of Zeller as to cross-fertiliza- 
tion in the Trematoda ; as the same process has been observed in Tur- 
bellarians, it may be said to be common to all the Platyhelminthes. 
The author has made some observations on the female generative 
organs of the Tetrabothriidae, which may be thus summed up. In 
many, and probably in all Cestoda there is, at the commencement of the 
oviduct, and at the spot where it takes its origin from the membrane of 
the ovary, a muscular apparatus which has the function of pumping out 
the ova from the ovary or driving them on. This apparatus is well 
developed in the Tetrabothriidae and Echinobothriidae, but very feebly 
in the Tetrarhynchidae, Taeniidae, Bothriocephalidae, and Ligulidae : it 
appears to be derived from the similar arrangements which are so well 
developed in the Trematoda. 
5. In cert® Sedis. 
Heterogenesis in Botifers.* — Dr. E. v. Daday has made some 
studies of Asplanchna Sieboidi which have shown him that the fertilized 
ova with thick membranes develope into tubular females, which in the 
course of their parthenogenesis give rise to an indefinite number of 
tubular and male-like females as well as males ; after copulating with 
the last they lay fertilized ova, with thick membranes. The partheno- 
genetically developed male-like females give rise, by parthenogenesis, 
to other male-like and also to tubular females as well an to males ; with 
the last they, finally, copulate and give rise to ova as before. In other 
words, A. Sieboidi, both parthenogenetically and after impregnation, 
gives rise to dimorphous females and to males, and after copulation to 
fertilized eggs. The author gives descriptions of the three forms of 
the progeny. It is difficult to compare this case exactly with any 
known mode of heterogenesis. It is probable that many of the forms 
described as distinct species are really heterogenetic representatives of 
other, already described species. 
List of Queensland Botiferau — Mr. V. Gunson Thorpe gives a list 
of thirty-two species of Botifera found on the Queensland coast. He 
hopes, at a later date, to publish descriptions of the new species which 
are not here enumerated. 
* Math, tl Xararwiss. Berichte aus Ungarn, vii. (1800) pp. 140-56 (1 pi.). 
t Proc. Hoy. Soc. Queensland, vii (1880) pp. 70-5. 
