ZOOLOGY AND BOTANY, MICROSCOPY, ETC. 
403 
makers is better for this use than any other present form, but like the 
others, is objectionable on account of having to be moved about over the 
book or paper under examination. The danger of marring or obliter- 
ating some portions of the writing to be examined often prohibits tli6 
placing of the Microscope upon the writing or moving it about, and ren- 
ders a satisfactory examination quite impossible. 
Another serious objection to present forms of Microscope for the uses 
of the graphologist is the inability to use them as a class Microscope to 
be passed from hand to hand, with the objects to be viewed securely 
clamped in position and in focus. 
To obviate the defects found in the present Microscopes for such 
uses and to produce a form adapted to the special needs of the grapho- 
Fig. 46. 
logist, as made apparent to me by some twenty years of my own ex- 
perience in that line, and my observation of the work of others, I have 
devised the Microscope-stand which I have designated The Grapho- 
logical Microscope, a cut of which is here given, and which is briefly 
described as follows : — 
The pillar is a straight brass rod 5/8 in. in diameter, threaded with 
a long screw into a plate flush with the surface of the wooden base. 
The stage is of wood or hard rubber, 5x8 in., and rests on a forked 
brass plate projecting from a stout collar which slides on the pillar, and 
