BULLETIN OF THE NATURAL HISTORY SOCIETY. 
20 
sandstone cliffs appear, mostly on the left bank; then the 
country falls off a little as the river swings around to receive 
the valley of Riders Brook. 
Riders Brook comes in through meadow, and just below 
its mouth occurs a long and considerable rapid, the heaviest 
on the river, the Long Rapids, which exhibit a good pitch 
of water broken by boulders and ledges, and needing skill to 
navigate safely. Except for this and one or two others of 
much less fall below, including Flat Rock Rapids, where 
smooth ledge sandstone extends across the channel, the river 
preserves its long Stillwater character. Gradually the country 
opens out and develops again low terrace and intervale banks, 
becoming almost lake-like in character at Ingledens Islands, 
which have something of an estuarine aspect. Then, .swinging 
around a great turn to avoid a square-across ridge, and passing 
again some low cliffs, the valley opens out once more, and 
the elevated upland Coles Island is reached, where the river 
may be taken to end and Washademoak Lake to begin. 
A striking feature of the Washademoak River is the 
smallness of its drop from the great basin at Nevers Brook, 
and especially from the head of the “canal” near Alward 
Brook, down to tidewater at Coles Island, the drop, indeed, 
being smaller than that of any equal length of river known to 
me in New Brunswick outside of the estuarine lower Saint 
John. The effects of tide are felt much above Coles Island, 
where I have seen the tidal current setting upstream with 
considerable rapidity; and my kind and interested correspond- 
ent, Mr. I. T. Hetherington, informs me that he has made a 
special study of this question for the Dominion Government, 
and has located the uppermost influence of the tide at Flat 
Rock, marked upon our map. Needless to say, no trace 
of salt, or even brackish, water is felt at this distance from 
the sea, the tide effect being merely the backing up of the 
fresh water. Another feature of interest is connected with 
the cliffs, which, all the way to the head of the river, are 
prevailingly more abundant and conspicuous on the southeast 
bank,— precisely as in case of Salmon River and Gaspereau, 
