NATURAL HISTORY AND PHYSIOGRAPHY OF NEW BRUNSWICK. 31 
then deviated to the westward, there is also I think no doubt, 
for the original “bias’d path’’ was meant to go not primarily 
to Petitcodiac, but, as the plan shows, to the new lots 
recently laid out on the rich lands at Butternut Ridge; and 
as these lots lay to the westward the road had to go there. 
The relations of road and Indian path thus far would seem to 
be this — the surveyor who blazed out the trail to Butternut 
Ridge took advantage of the well-travelled Indian path as 
far as its general direction led towards the new lots at 
Butternut Ridge (the present deviation at the Canaan River 
itself being recent and made to secure a better .bridge site), 
but when the Indian path was found to be bearing too far 
to the eastward he left it and made a new trail. Furthermore 
I believe, we can locate the very place where this deviation 
occurred, for in matching up the plan of 1809 with the modern 
maps we can see how both trail and road, as shown by the 
accompanying large map, take a somewhat direct route towards 
the Petitcodiac for about two miles, and then swing somewhat 
abruptly out of that direction, which presumably the Indian 
path kept; and this particular turn in the present road, as 
I know from my own observations, is much more marked 
on the ground than it is on the map. Beyond Butternut 
Ridge the new road had to be continued to Petitcodiac, and 
did not again meet the Indian trail until near Bennets Brook. 
As to the Petitcodiac end of the portage, that I believe 
was at the mouth of Bennets Brook, with an accessory trail 
across to the main Petitcodiac, as shown by our large map. 
This part of the subject, however, I reserve for further study; 
and I hope to report thereon next year in connection with 
a Note on the Petitcodiac. 
As the foregoing Note will show, the navigation of the 
Washademoak to the Saint John is easy, at least at fair water, 
though apparently it offers difficulties when the river is low. 
The way to Quebec probably did not always lie around by 
the mouth of the Washademoak, but crossed by a portage 
from below Picketts Cove on Washademoak Lake to Mill Cove 
on Grand Lake, thence taking the route through Maquapit 
Lake and Loders Creek, saving much time and distance. 
The use of such a portage would explain the occasional con- 
fusion in the French records between Washademoak and 
Salmon River waters, and the way in which the Washademoak 
is sometimes made to empty into Grand Lake on French maps. 
( c ). — The Indian portage from the North Fork to Lake 
Stream. In studying these streams I found that an Indian 
portage between them is well known by. tradition to the older 
