40 
BULLETIN” OF THE NATURAL HISTORY SOCIETY. 
Arrow ami Spearheads.- It is difficult to precisely classify 
these, as it is now known that many of the so-called arrow 
and spear heads were used as knives, drills and scrapers. A 
number of arrow-like forms in the collection are so bent or 
one-sided that they could not be thrown or shot with 
precision. It is quite reasonable to suppose that an arrow 
might be used as a knife or scraper, and we have abundant proof 
to confirm this. An early writer speaking of western arrow- 
points, says, “If no knife is at hand, they use them also to skin 
the animals they have killed.” Until very recently a number of 
western tribes employed as knives blades of chipped stone, 
identical in form with what are usually called arrow and spear 
heads. They are used inserted in short bone or wooden handles. 
The writer has been unable to find any mention of stone- 
headed spears in the early accounts of contemporary European 
historians or in the Indian legends of this locality. On the 
other hand, we find the bone harpoon or spear and the stone 
knife frequently spoken of in history and legend. It is possible 
the larger blades were more generally used as knives, rather 
than as spear heads. 
In the flaked blades of New Brunswick are found nearly 
all the common American types and the workmanship compares 
favourably with the stone work of other eastern American 
peoples. 
The materials of which these articles are made are nearly 
all found in the Province. Many of the finest specimens are 
of felsite, or red jasper, small boulders of which are found on 
the shores of the lakes and rivers of central New Brunswick, 
probably washed out of -the carboniferous conglomerates. On 
many camp sites, these boulders, both broken and whole, occur 
in such numbers as to leave little doubt they have been brought 
to the place by the prehistoric implement maker. 
About sixty-two specimens, including some of the smallest 
arrowheads in the collection, are made of milky quartz which 
is common in many parts of New Brunswick. A number of 
these implements are made of chalcedony and carnelian, chips 
and fragments of which are found on many camp sites. Much 
