NATURAL HISTORY AND PHYSIOGRAPHY OF NEW BRUNSWICK. 323 
thus making confusion possible (and in our case, actual) with 
the real lake at the source. Thence I have seen the river to 
its mouth. It issues from the deadwater as a dark brown 
stream running rapidly down a broad bed mostly over slate 
ledges, in a valley cut some thirty or forty feet below a flat 
country. Thus it continues for a mile or so, a grievous trial 
to the canoeman, when it gradually becomes quieter, narrower 
and deeper, and merges to a Stillwater stream with sand- 
bottomed and meadow-bordered pools. After a mile or more it 
becomes shoal and rocky again, and soon after passes abruptly 
from the slate country into that of the typical carboniferous 
gray sandstones which show first in low cliffs on the left bank. 
The red sandstones and conglomerates of the Lower Carbon- 
iferous, which usually lie betw^een the slates and gray sand- 
stones, appear to be wanting upon this river as upon the 
Dungarvon, a fact correctly represented for the latter river 
by the Geological Survey map, but erroneously for the Bar- 
tholomew. The river continues rocky for a time, with frequent 
flat sandstone bottom, and occasional low cliffs, but gradually 
merges into a deeper Stillwater stream with meadowy banks, 
and continues thus down to the Forks, where the North Branch 
enters as a somewhat smaller and clearer stream. Just below 
is a large dam covering a former small fall at sandstone ledges. 
Below the dam the river is stony and shallow for half a 
mile, then gradually growls quieter and deeper, developing 
shallow Stillwater pools interspersed with short rips and small 
stony reaches, and with flat sandstone bottom, the banks being 
mostly meadowy and aldery, with occasional banks of gravel 
and sandstone, all in a flat, densely forested country. At 
Dungarvon Turns (apparently simply a place where the river 
turns up towards Dungarvon, and a portage road runs across), 
the sandstone cliffs are about 15 feet high and the country 
along the portage road about 30 or 40 feet above the river. 
Farther down the river keeps the same general characteris- 
tics with a tendency to become steadily quieter and deeper, 
winding much more than the map implies, and developing 
into a very easy and pleasing canoe stream. Such is its char- 
