538 
BULLETIN OF THE NATURAL HISTORY SOCIETY. 
map of 1832 it is made a great river heading in lakes close to the 
Negoot or South Tobique Lakes. But its accurate mapping had 
to await surveys, and these were made in 1835 an d 1836 by 
Deputy Peters ; they did not follow the river itself, but located 
many points on its several branches by the intersections of a net- 
work of timber lines run every five miles across the lower parts of 
all the branches in those years. The only actual survey along the 
stream made anywhere above the Square Forks is a survey of the 
South Branch from Clearwater to Mullins Stream, made by 
Garden in 1830. These form the sources of the representation 
of the river on the published maps of Saunders, 1842, and Wilk- 
inson, 1859. This same plan, extended by sketches of some of 
the upper courses by Ells and Adams, of the Geological Survey, 
was the basis of the Geological map of 1882 and of Loggie’s map 
of 1885. Recently many of the old Peters lines have been re- 
traced, and other new lines run by Deputies Hanson, Fish and 
McClinton. Their plans in the Crown Land Office add much to 
our knowledge of the headwaters, and have been used in the 
preparation of the accompanying map, to which facts have also 
been added from my own observations and from sketches supplied 
by Mr. Arthur Pringle, Mr. George Estey and Mr. Carl Bersing. 
Even with all these materials the map is still far from accurate, 
especially on its southwestern sources, which are scarcely known 
even to lumbermen, while, except for the surveyed part from 
Clearwater to Mullins Stream, it is simply sketched, ignoring the 
windings, between the timber lines. So much for cartography. 
As for other data they are extremely scanty. I can find no 
scientific mention of any part of the river prior to 1880, in which 
year Dr. Ells, or his assistant, now Professor Frank Adams, 
ascended the South Branch to the Clearwater and visited the 
headwaters of the North Branch from the Nepisiguit, with results 
shown upon the Geological map of that section, and briefly 
described in Elis’s report for 1880. Mr. Chalmers ascended it to 
the Square Forks in 1886, and gives some account of this place 
and of the river below in his report on Surface Geology for 1888. 
Professor Bailey, in this Bulletin (XXII, 159), mentions a cave 
at Square Forks. Other than these, and the preceding note of 
this series, I can find no reference to the river in any scientific 
