94 
SUMMARY OF CURRENT RESEARCHES RELATING TO 
Hemiustilago, ami Euustilago, dependent on the relative frequency of 
the production of the lower and of the higher mode of fructification. 
Several new species of Ustilago are described, and two now genera are 
established — Anthracoidea on U. Caricis, and Ustilaginoidea on Tilletia 
Oryzse. 
Parasitic Fungi. — Dr. F. W. Neger * * * § gives a full description of 
Antennciria scoriadea , a common parasitic fungus in Chile, and retains 
the autonomy of Berkeley’s species. The trees which it attacks are 
infested by a black ant, which appears to feed on the fungus. 
Herr H. 0. Juelf has established the identity of JEcidium Sommer - 
fcltii , parasitic on Thalictrum alpinum , with a new species of Puccinia , 
P. sepfentrionalis, found on Polygonum Bistorta and vlviparum. He 
states that this is the first example recorded of hetercecism in a Puccinia, 
the teleutospore-host of which is a dicotyledonous plant. 
M. P. A. Dangeard J describes in detail the destructive effects of 
Cladosporium herbarium, on apple-trees. It produces minute sclerotes 
within the tissue of the leaf. 
According to Herr P. Dietel,§ Melampsora Helioscopise is an autoecious 
species, having both the spermogone and the cseoma-form on the same 
plant, Euphorbia Cyparissias. M. vernalis belongs to the same cycle of 
development as Cseoma Saxifragarum , and must be known as M. Saxi- 
fragarum. 
According to Mrs. F. W. Patterson || the species of Taphrina parasitic 
on the ovary of Populus tremuloides and other hosts is T. Jolinsonii, while 
the form which occurs on the leaves is T. aurea. 
Dr. P. Baccarini ^ has investigated a disease of the date-palm 
indicated by the fall of the leaves. He finds the disintegrated tissues 
to be permeated by the sterile mycele of several different fungi, especially 
of Antliostomella contaminans ; but it is uncertain whether they are the 
cause or only the accompaniment of the disease. 
Parasites of Cultivated Crops.**' — Herr 0. Wehmer finds that the 
rotting of grapes and walnuts is chiefly due to Botrytis cinerea, that 
of apples and pears to species of Penicillium and Mucor, principally 
P. glaucum and M. pyriformis. Two new species are described, parasitic 
on southern fruits, Penicillium italicum and olivaceum. Maleinic acid 
was found, even in very small quantities, to be pathogenous to parasitic 
fungi ; combined with potassium it is harmless or even nutritive. 
Potassium salts may be replaced by those of sodium in the growth of 
fungi ; but the latter act more slowly. Certain fungi have a preference 
for free acids. Verticillium glaucum will completely fill up a solution of 
citric acid with a solid slimy mass of mycele ; a species of Citromyces 
was found in tartaric acid. 
* Central!)], f. Bakteriol. u. Parasitenk., i. (1895) 2 te Abtli., pp. 536-41 (1 pi.). 
f Ofv. K. Vetensk.-Akad. Forh. Stockholm, lii. (1895) pp. 379-86 (3 figs.) 
(German). J Le Botaniste (Dangeard), iv. (1895) pp. 190-5 (6 figs.). 
§ Forst-Naturf. Zeitschr., 1895, p. 374. See Hedwigia, xxxiv. (1895) Rep., p. 142. 
|| Proo. Amer. Ass. Adv. Sci., 1894 (1895) pp. 293-4. 
f Bull. Soc. Bot. Ital., 1895, pp. 196-203. 
** Beitr. z. Kenntn. einheimiseker Pilzc, ii., Jena, 1895 (3 pis.)- See Hedwigia, 
xxxiv. (1895) Itep., p. 136. 
