ZOOLOGY AND BOTANY, MICROSCOPY, ETC. 
107 
Bacillus typhosus growing on the other half ; (10) no growth on Maassen’s 
normal solution if glycerin be added. 
Taken altogether, the foregoing characters are of striking import, 
though separately none are specially characteristic of the typhoid 
bacillus. All other characters ^described by various authors are either 
inconstant or useless. The author isolated five different bacteria, all of 
which possessed the aggregate characters of typhoid bacilli, and as these 
organisms were derived from different places, localities quite free at the 
time from typhoid fever, an interesting question arises, viz. whether the 
disease is specifically connected with the Bacillus typhosus , and if so 
whether the present tests for it are sufficient and satisfactory. 
Streptococcus of Scarlatina.* — M. Ad. d’Espine has isolated from 
the blood and tonsillar exudation of scarlet fever cases, a streptococcus, 
which rapidly coagulates milk, with the formation of whey and curd. In 
this respect it differs from common streptococci which, though they 
curdle milk, form a compact clot without producing whey. The scarla- 
tina streptococcus is much smaller than ordinary cocci, and differs there- 
from in shape, being round, while the ordinary coccus is lenticular, and 
that of contagious mammitis fusiform. It resembles, in its morphological 
and biological characters, the scarlatina coccus described by the author 
in 1892. 
Streptobacillus Ulceris Mollis. f — According to Dr. Unna the 
stroptobacillus described by him in 18 S9 as being the cause of the soft 
chancre, and Ducrey’s suppuration bacillus, are identical. The chain 
bacillus is somewhat thinner and longer than Ducrey’s bacillus, and its 
ends are angular, while those of the latter are rounded. In other respects 
they are alike, their staining relations are the same ; both stain with 
Gram and have an affinity for methyl-violet. Both are found only in 
the soft chancre and not in other kinds of pus or ulceration ; their 
position in the tissues indicates their pathological connection with the 
soft chancre. 
Neither bacillus has been cultivated in artificial media, and inocula- 
tions on animals were negative. 
Cholera Notes.* — Dr. L. Kamen, wdio had much experience o*f cholera 
in 1894, describes the morphological and cultural characters of four 
vibrios from different cases of cholera. All four were of the typical comma 
shape, with unipolar flagella ; but there were differences of mobility and 
in the length of the spirilla. The amount and shape of the liquefied 
gelatin were strikingly different. There w r ere differences in the indol 
reaction, and in the shape and colour of the colonies. In recording these 
cases the author’s object is to show that the cholera vibrio may present 
morphological and physiological variations, though these are insufficient 
to make different species. In connection with cholera a species of 
Proteus is mentioned which was invariably found in dysenteric stools. 
The chief distinguishing character of this Proteus is the fact that it 
gives a clear indol reaction when cultivated in pepton water. 
* Comptes Rendus, cxx. (1895) pp. 1007-9. 
t Monatshefte f. Prakt. Dermat., xxi. (1895) p. 61. See Bot. Centralbl., lxiii. 
(1895) pp. 338-41. 
% Centralbl. f. Bakteriol. u. Parasitenk., l te Abt, xviii. (1895) pp. 417-23 (10 figs/ 
