ZOOLOGY AND BOTANY, MICROSCOPY, ETC. 
257 
by the author. The use of Congo red is strongly advocated, as it is found 
to be of great service in differentiating in doubtful or oblique sections 
the gland epithelium from atypical epithelium. The former is stained 
strongly red, while the cytoplasm of the cancer-cells remains almost 
uncoloured. 
There are numerous other hints of great value in the author's paper, 
and though short, the information therein indicates a mastery of the 
subject. 
Collection and Preservation of Zoological Specimens.* — As the 
result of his experience on the West Coast of S. America, i)r. Ludwig 
H. Plate gives a number of useful hints to collectors. For the narco- 
tisation of the smaller marine animals he strongly recommends cocaine, 
20 or 30 drops of a 5 per cent, solution of which should be added to 
100-200 ccm. of sea-water. Various details as to subsequent treatment, 
and the packing and transport of specimens are also given. The paper 
concludes with a discussion of methods of dredging, and a complete 
description of the method of obtaining fish by means of dynamite. 
Investigation of Minute Structure of Cestodes.f — Dr. E. Zernecke, 
in his investigation of various Cestodes and cystic worms, got the best 
results from the use of the rapid Golgi method. As is well known, a 
large quantity of material is necessary when using this method, and the 
author was fortunate to find in the market of Rostock fish which con- 
tained a large number of Ligulse or their larvae. A Ligula taken fresh 
from the body was killed in a moderate degree of extension by the use 
of the chrome-osmic mixture. After one or two hours the animals were 
taken out of this solution and cut into pieces about 1 cm. long. These 
were placed in a fresh supply of the solution for three or four days at a 
temperature of 25°. On being dried they were treated with a solution 
of *75 per cent, silver nitrate 25 g., to which one drop of formic acid 
was added. The pieces remained in the silver solution two or three 
days, were then imbedded in liver, and cut into sections. Smaller 
pieces were imbedded, after a short process of dehydration in absolute 
alcohol, in some drops of celloidin. The sections, after clearing, were 
stained, and then developed in Kallius’s hydrochinon developer. As 
this method only does for very thin sections, thicker sections were more 
satisfactorily treated with liquid paraffin after the method first intro- 
duced by Prof. Blochmann. As control sections the author made use of 
a series treated with concentrated aqueous solution of corrosive subli- 
mate, or alcoholic corrosive sublimate, and preserved in 90 per cent, 
alcohol. Sections 5-10 fx thick were generally treated with the orange 
g . haematoxylin. 
Simple Method for Demonstrating the Germinal Pore in the 
Spore Membrane of Rust Fungi4 — Dr. Dietel has found that the 
pores in the spore-membrane of Uredinese can be easily seen if slight 
pressure be made on the cover-glass. The germinal pores then appear 
like bright spots, even in spores with colourless membranes. 
* Zool. Anzeig., xix. (1896) pp. 40-6. 
t Zool. JB. Abth. Anat., ix. (1895) pp. 93-6. 
J Zeitschr. f. Angewandte Mikroskopie, i. (1895) pp. 69-71. 
