284 
Transactions of the Society. 
Rosette Plates. 
i 
Avicu- 
Ovicells. 
Spines. 
I Ten- 
Distal. 
Lateral. 
! • laria. 
! tacles. 
Figured. 
F. foliacea L. 
(r) nume- 
(0 4-6 
2 
semic. 
: imm. 
1-1 to 
14 
rous 
4-4 
(Ben.) 
F. carbasea 
(r) num. 
00 6 
1-2* 
0 
unknown 
0 
PI. VII. 
Ml. and Sol. 
‘ 29, 30 
F. elegans Busk 
(i) num. 
4 
1 
0 
uuknown 
0 
F. crassa Busk 
(i) num. 
(0 4 
1 
duck- * 
raised 
1-1 
PI. VII. 
bill i 
to 
22, 23 
2-2 
PI. VIII. 
5, 2 
F. armata Busk ; 
(i) num. 
0) 2 
1 
triang. 1 
unknown 
0 
PI. VII. 
F. militaris 
(i) num. 
(s) 2 
2 
0 
raised 
1-1 
8, 9 
PI. VII. 
Waters 
4-7 
F. ovoidea Busk 
(i) num. 
00 2 
1 
0 
unknown 
o 
16 
PI. VII. 
18, 19 
Euthyris bomby- 
( i ) num. i 
(s) 2 
1 
0 
raised 
1-1 
, , 
PI. VII. 
cina Busk 
14, 16 
E. episcopalis 
(r) num. : 
00 4-6f 
1 
0 
raised 
0 
Busk 
E. obtecta Hincks 
(i) num. 
8 
1 
0 , 
large 
0 
zooecium 
Flustra reticulum 
(r) num. 
10 
1 
duck- 
imm. 
0 
22 ! 
PI. VII. 
Hincks 
bill 
27, 28 
PI. VIII. 
10, 11, 21 
F. separata 
(r) num. 
5-6 
1 
duck- 
unknown 
0 
Waters 
bill | 
for in the Eschara of old authors, namely, bilaminate forms of 
Lepralia, Schizoporella, Micropora , Porella, Smittia, &c., there is, 
as far as I am aware, no case in which there is any connection of the 
two laminae through the basal wall. In Foveolaria , Galeschara 
and Membranipora tubiyera, and M. perfragilis, the laminae do not 
communicate, and, in fact, the ease with which they may be separated 
has been made one of the characters of Biflustra. Again, Beania 
bilaminata throws out radicles which may attach themselves to the 
other layer, but there is no organic communication. 
I think that a consideration of these facts teaches us why such 
genera as Eschara, Carbasea, and others based upon whether there 
were one or two layers, have proved so untenable. On the other 
hand, there are cases where the zoarial form depends upon the 
manner in which one zooecium springs from another, and the form of 
the zoarium viewed in this light must not be ignored in classification. 
Although Flustra has been chosen because the connection can be 
easily demonstrated, it is not only throughout the suborder that these 
* Smitt says, occurs as unilaminate and bilaminate. 
f Very similar to the rosette plates of F. carbasea (see plate VII. figs. 29, 30). 
