306 
SUMMARY OF CURRENT RESEARCHES RELATING TO 
species. They find that bands of hypodermal tissue extend in the first 
larval stage from the testes to either side of the ectodermal insinking first 
described by Herold. These bands at each side become differentiated 
into two expanded vesicles connected by a narrow band. The anterior 
vesicle at each side forms the envelope of the testes, the median region 
forms the vas deferens, the posterior vesicle gives off two outgrowths, of 
which one forms the accessory gland and the other the ductus ejacu- 
latorius ; the remainder of the vesicle is modified to form the seminal 
vesicle. The two ductus ejaculatorii' unite with one another at the 
beginning of the second pupa stage, the union beginning at their blind 
ends. The organ of Herold gives rise to the penis, to the projecting 
fold which covers it, and to its basal portion ; the two former arise from 
paired outgrowths of the original invagination. The ampullae of the 
testes-bands are remnants of coelom-sacs, and therefore mesodermal, 
although arising from the hypodermis ; the whole of the musculature of 
the sexual organs arises from the nucleated plasm of these testes-bands. 
Synonymy of Huphina lanessa.* * * § — Dr. A. G. Butler has a note on 
this subject. The confusion has arisen from the fact that the species 
is tetramorphic, the under surface of the secondaries and apex of 
primaries varying from white through yellow to whitey-brown or earthy- 
brown. The author holds that the dark forms are dry-season forms, and 
the light ones wet-season forms. He gives the synonymy of Huphina 
lanessa as follows : it is equivalent to Pieris lanessa , P. nabis , P. peri- 
theca , P. periclea, P. narses. 
Double Spermatozoa of Dyticidse.f — Prof. E. Ballowitz gives a 
detailed account of the double or coupled spermatozoa which he dis- 
covered in Dyticus, Acilius, Hydaticus, and Colymbetes. Of the general 
nature of this strange phenomenon of “ dejugation,” or whatever it may 
be called, we have, however, already given a summary in reference to a 
previous paper by Ballowitz, and an independent confirmation by 
Auerbach. A full description and copious figures are now before us. 
Alimentary Canal of Forficulidse.J — M Bordas points out that 
no one seems to have paid any attention to the alimentary canal of the 
Forficulidse, although this is very interesting in its simplicity. It is 
little more than a simple tube. The fore-gut includes pharynx, oeso- 
phagus, crop, and rudimentary gizzard ; the mid-gut has no diverticula ; 
the hind-gut is almost equally simple. 
The Genus Perdita.§ — Mr. T. D. A. Cockerell is persuaded that 
“ the plan of teaching the elements [of entomology] without entering 
into detail is essentially a vicious one.” “ The idea that some facts are 
to be regarded b}^ the student, and all others ignored, is an entire per- 
version of the proper spirit of biological inquiry.” He was thus led, in 
connection with his entomological course at the New Mexico Agricultural 
College, to tackle the genus Perdita , a work in which his students assisted. 
As a study in classification, in the relation of structure to environment, 
and in bionomics, the task was found most profitable. 
* Ann. and Mag. Nat. Hi&t., xvii. (1896) pp. 231-3. 
+ Zeitschr. f. wiss. Zool., lx. (1895) pp. 458-99 (5 pis.). 
% Comptes Rendus, cxxi. (1895) pp. 655-7. 
§ Proc. Nat. Sci. Philadelphia, 1896, pp. 25-107. 
