ZOOLOGY AND BOTANY, MICROSCOPY, ETC. 
311 
Ji amnia, Sarsiella, Conchoecia , and Conchoecilla ) ; section (III.) Cladocopa 
(e. g. Polycope and Polycopsis ) ; section (IV.) Platycopa (e. g. Cythe- 
rella). Tlie monograph includes diagnoses of not a few new genera and 
species. 
Antennse of Trilobites.* — Herr Sv. Leonk. Tornquist calls attention 
to the fact that in 1759 f Linnaeus noted and figured the antennae of 
Parabolina spinulosa Wahlenb. Tornquist quotes the sentence, “ Most 
remarkable in this specimen are the antennae in the front, which I never 
saw in any other example, and which clearly prove this fossil to belong 
to the insects ” ( = Arthropoda). 
Annulata. 
Notes on Enchytraeidse and Lumbricidse.f — Dr. H. Ude describes 
Bryodrilus Elder si Ude, belonging to that group of Enchytraeidae which 
includes Pachydrilus and Marionia. The setae (3-5, or rarely 6) are 
S-shaped ; the dorsal vessel has no heart ; the oesophagus passes gradually 
into the intestine. 
He discusses at some length the so-called chyle-pouches or enteric 
caeca of Enchytraeidae, which he regards as secretory, not chyle-absorbing. 
But only their structure can be said to be known. 
From a collection of North American earthworms Ude describes 
Allolobophora gieseleri sp. n., Diplocardia singularis Ude, D. verrucosa 
sp. n. A general discussion of the genus Diplocardia is also given. 
Minute Structure of Testis in Earthworm.§ — Dr. B. v. Erlanger 
has studied species of Lumbricus and Allolobophora , especially the latter, 
in which the testes lie freely in the body-cavity instead of being covered 
by the median seminal vesicle. The worms were put in water, and this 
was gradually replaced by 70 per cent, alcohol ; thereafter they were 
opened in salt solution, and the gut was removed ; then the open anterior 
part was douched with corrosive sublimate. This brings out the testes 
very clearly. Sometimes the testes were removed without any pre- 
liminary process, and stained intra vitam with dahlia solution, or treated 
with Hertwig’s maceration -mixture, or preserved in Flemming’s or 
Hermann’s mixtures, &c. 
The testis is a flattened lobed body, attached by its base to a septum , 
and consisting of many composite follicles, invested by a tunica propria 
(a peritoneal covering), through which follicles protrude. These Blom- 
field mistook for cells. The proper testicular cells are pear-shaped, 
and hang by their stalks in the middle of the follicle. Each has a 
delicate narrow - meshed framework, a nucleus with many minute 
chromatin granules united in a network, a crescent-shaped Nebenkern — 
apparently an archoplasmic aggregate, including the centrosome. In 
their division a distinct “ cell-plate,” or Zivischenkorper , was seen. It is 
probable that each follicle arises from the division of one mother-cell. 
Unlike Blomfield, the author regards those cells which arise directly 
from the peritoneal covering as Urkeimzellen, and all the rest as 
spermatogonia. 
* Geol. Mag., iii. (1896) p. 142. 
t Svenska Yetensk. Acad. Handlingar, xx. (1759). 
X Zeitschr. f. wiss. Zool., lxi. (1895) pp. 111-41 (1 pi.). 
§ Arch. f. Mikr. Anat., xlvii, (1896) pp. 1-13 (1 pi.). 
