316 
SUMMARY OF CURRENT RESEARCHES RELATING TO 
Four species of Tetrastemma live in fresh water; seven species of 
Geonemertes are terrestrial ; the rest are marine, and very cosmopolitan. 
The chief habitats are among Algae, especially calcareous Algae, in 
rock-clefts and loose coral blocks, in sand and mud, in empty shells and 
tubes. Many make tubes of mucus and debris. They often live in 
companies, e. g. Linens gesserensis. They are only partially nocturnal. 
Most are predatory, attacking annelids, molluscs, and even small crusta- 
ceans. Some forms are commensals in Ascidians and bivalves, but 
Cephalothrix galathese destroys the eggs of its host. The colouring often 
agrees very markedly with that of the surroundings, and thus many local 
varieties occur. 
New Nemertines.* * * § — Dr. 0. Burger describes among Protonemertini 
a species of Carinella ; among Mesonemertini, Carinoma patagonica and 
a species of Cephalothrix ; among Metariemertini, Amphiporus hicolor and 
A. michaelseni ; among Heteronemertini, Eupolia maculosa , E. lineolata , 
E. antillensis , Micrura (Linens?) glandulosa, Cerelratulus harentsi , and 
C. magelhaensicus. 
Taeniae of Birds.f — Herr 0. Fuhrmann observes that out of a list of 
about 240 species of Tsenia found in birds, only twenty-one are known 
more than by name. Similarly, of the twelve in Eeptiles, only T. dispar 
Goeze has been studied ; of those in Amphibians, Fuhrmann has recently 
described two ; of the two dozen or so recorded from fishes only five are 
accurately known. The author devotes the present study to a careful 
description of T. Dujardini Krabbe, T. capitellata Bud., and T. depressa 
v. Siebold. 
New Species of Distomum.J — Mr. G. S. West describes Distomum 
Philodryadum sp. n., found in the buccal and narial cavities of Philodryas 
Schottii, one of the opisthoglyphous Colubridae. Among the charac- 
teristics are — the fusiform body ; minute spines besetting the epidermis ; 
oral sucker orbicular and almost ventral ; ventral sucker sessile, orbi- 
cular, lying about one-third of the length of the body from the anterior 
end and equal in size to the oral sucker ; oesophagus extremely short, 
two long, narrow, and simple intestinal branches; genital pore posterior 
to the ventral sucker, a little to the left; length 3-5 mm., breadth 0*8- 
1*3 mm. ; eggs numerous and very minute. 
Incertee Sedis. 
Orthonectid in an Annelid.§ — M. le Baron de Saint- Joseph describes 
Bhopalura Pterocirri sp. n., which he found, along with some rare 
Gregarines, in the body-cavity of Pterocirrus macroceros Gr., one of the 
Phyllodoceidae. Young forms and adult females were seen. The adult 
female had six well-marked rings, and there* were cilia at each end, and 
between rings 2 and 3, 3 and 4, 4 and 5. Along with the parasites were 
round or oval cysts enclosing minute refractive spheres. 
* Zeitschr. f. wiss. Zool., Ixi. (1895) pp. 16-37 (2 pis.). 
t Revue Suisse Zool., iii (1895) pp. 433-58 (1 pi.). 
% Journ. Linn. Soc. Zool., xxv. (1896 ) pp. 322-1 (1 pi.). 
§ Bull. Soc. Zool. France, xxi. (1898) pp. 56-8 (1 fig.). 
