ZOOLOGY AND BOTANY, MICROSCOPY, ETC. 
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appear conidiophores terminating in a bulbous expansion baying radial 
sterigmas, from the ends of which the conids are developed. The ripe 
conids are usually spherical. Peritheces are only occasionally present. 
The conidiophore bulbs are at first colourless, afterwards becoming yellow- 
ish to yellowish-brown. The average diameter of the conids is about 
4* * * § 5 /i; the conidiophores are 3—4 mm. high. 
Aspergillus Oryzse.* — M. E. Sorel has confirmed the results obtained 
by Juhler and Jorgensen, who found that Aspergillus Oryzse might, under 
appropriate conditions, be metamorphosed into Saccharomyces. The 
medium used was malt wort which had been saccharified at 65° ; to this 
was afterwards added hydrofluoric acid. Conids of A. Oryzse sown on 
this medium developed, according to the quantity of the acid, a mycele 
alone, a mycele eventually producing oval budding cells, or oval cells 
and only a little mycele. When the “ yeast ” thus generated was culti- 
vated on ordinary wort, strong fermentation was excited, but no mycele 
developed. If, however, the yeast was cultivated on the same medium 
to which 0 • 01 per cent, hydrofluoric acid had been added, and then 
transferred to a rice medium at 26°, the green mould and conids of 
A. Oryzse reappeared. 
Perithece of Sphserotheca Castagnei.f— Herr R. A. Harper has 
followed out the development of the perithece of this fungus, belonging 
to the Perisporiacese, parasitic on the leaves of the hop. It is the result 
of an actual process of conjugation between the nucleus of an antherid 
and the nucleus of an oogone. The impregnated oogone becomes an 
ascogone, and divides into a row of five or six cells, of which the last but 
one is the young ascus. The behaviour of the nucleus of Sphserotheca 
may be compared to that of Nemaleon among Algrn. 
Polymorphism of Cladobotryum.J — M. L. Matruchot has studied the 
life-history of a Cladobotryum found on the leaves of Populus pyramidalis 
— G. ternatum — which he states to be simply a form of C. gelatinosum. 
Cultivated on certain nutritive media (carrot), it produces a fasciculate 
form, which is closely allied to Graphium penicillioides ; all intermediate 
stages between the two were observed. 
Cladosporium, Hormodendron, Eumago, and Dematium.§ — Herr 
W. Schostakowitsch has investigated the relationship to one another of 
the fungi which produce the disease known as Bussthau. These are 
chiefly Fumago, Hormodendron , Cladosporium, Pleospora, Dematium, and 
Coniothecium , of which the first plays much the most important part. 
They are not parasites, and produce but little injurious effects on the 
host, though they may attack almost any woody plant. Pure cultivation 
of the various forms has led the author to different conclusions from 
those of Costantin,|| Frank, and other writers with regard to their 
autonomy. In particular, he asserts that Cladosporium , Dematium, and 
Hormodendron are three perfectly distinct fungi, having no genetic con- 
nection with one another. The development of Dematium is greatly 
•dependent on external conditions ; under ordinary conditions it usually 
* Comptes Rendus, cxxi. (1895) pp. 948-50. Cf. this Journal, 1895, p. 556. 
t Ber. Deutsch. Bot. Gesell., xiii. (1895) pp. 475-81 (1 pi.). 
% Rev. Gen. de Bot. (Bonnier), vii. (1895) pp. 497-502 (1 pi.). 
§ Flora, lxxxi. (1895) pp. 362-93 (8 figs.). \\ Cf. this Journal, 1893, p. 764. 
