ZOOLOGY AND BOTANY, MICROSCOPY, -ETC. 
435 
natural orders. Allied species often differ from one another in the 
presence or absence of these buds. He finds that they are not anomalous 
in character, but are in all cases axillary to bud-scales, or to undeveloped 
leaves in the bud. 
Hydrophorous Apparatus in Xerophilous Plants.* — Prof. A. Borzi 
describes the structures by means of which many plants belonging to the 
Mediterranean flora are enabled to store up supplies of water to protect, 
against excessive transpiration. Illustrations are afforded by the nodal 
sheath and cushion of the Caryophyllacere, the leaf-sheath of the Um- 
belliferm and Graminese, and the ochrea of the Polygonaceae. 
Root of Impatiens.f — M. C. Brunotte calls attention to the fact that 
the root of Imjpatiens noli-tangere differs from that of other species of the 
genus in the abortion of the primary root. In the place of the four 
layers of cells which form the cap in the ripe seed in all other species 
examined, there is a single layer of cells which extends to the periphery of 
the whole of the hypocotyledonary region, and which remains undivided. 
The author suggests that there are probably a considerable number of 
plants in which the lateral roots, or one of them springing from near 
the summit, takes the place of the true principal root. 
Root of Myiistica.* — Herr Y. A. Poulsen describes the peculiar 
adventitious roots of a species of Myristica from Amboyna. They spring 
from all sides of the lower part of the stem, but cannot be regarded as. 
pneumatodes, seeing they contain no aerenchyme. The anatomical 
structure of these roots presents several peculiarities, which are de- 
scribed in detail. In those that are thicker the cambium is formed within 
the leptome-bundles, passing transvcrsly through the hadrome. It 
consists of large cells, and forms leptome-elements and bast-fibres out- 
wardly, inwardly secondary hadrome arranged in curves. 
Morphology of the Stellatae.§ — Herr M. Franke goes into great, 
detail with regard to the morphology and development of the various 
organs in this suborder of the Rubiacese. He calls special attention to 
the points that, while all the aerial internodes of the stem are invariably 
square, the hypocotyledonary internode is round ; and that, in the 
phyllotaxis, an exactly decussate arrangement of the leaves and stipules, 
is unusual. 
£. Physiology. 
Cl) Reproduction and Embryology. 
Embryology of Taraxacum. ||— Herr 8. Schwere finds various ab- 
normalities in the ovule of Taraxacum officinale. It is not rare for two 
ovules to develope within an ovary ; in one case he found in an ovule 
two well-developed embryo-sacs, each with a normal embryo. The 
nucleus of the oosphere always contains a very large nucleole. The 
synergids are always placed at the apex of the embryo-sac, and remain 
* Nuov. Giorn. Bot. Itah, iii. (1896) pp. 80-8. 
f Comptes Rendus, cxxii. (1896) pp. 897-900. 
t Copenhagen, 1896, 8 pp. and 2 pis. (Danish). See Bot. Centralbl., Ixvi. (1896). 
p. 139. § Bot. Ztg., liv. (1896) l ta Abt., pp. 33-60 (1 pi.). 
|| Flora, lxxxii. (1896) pp. 32-66 (4 pis.). 
