ZOOLOGY AND BOTANY, MICROSCOPY, ETC. 
443 
surface, which is entirely pectic, plays the part of a cuticle ; within this 
is a cylinder, septated by lamellae, which is strongly and perhaps also 
entirely pectic ; in the true cell-walls belonging to each separate cell the 
proportion of cellulose is much larger than that of pectic substances. 
Antherids of Florideae.* * * § — The late Mr. T. H. Bufifham described 
the hitherto unobserved or little-known antherids of several Florideae, 
among others those of Chondrus crispus and Gigartina mamillosa. The 
antherids of Compsothamnion differ greatly from those of Callithamnion , 
from which genus it has been recently separated. He also records the 
remarkable fact of the occurrence of a Japanese species, Bonnemaisonia 
hamifera , in Cornwall. 
Species of Florideae.f — The late Prof. F. Schmitz criticised in 
several points Mr. E. M. Holmes’s J new species of Florideae, and 
dissented from his establishment of the new genus Myriophylla, which he 
regarded as not distinguishable from Chrysymenia. He proposed, on the 
other hand, a new genus Cyrtymenia , formed from Grateloupia hiero- 
glyphics and Iridsea cornea , intermediate between Grateloupia and 
Modes. It is especially distinguished by the wrinkled appearance of 
fertile sections of the sporange. 
Cystocarp of Champia.§ — Mr. B. M. Davis has investigated the 
structure and development of the cystocarps of Ghampia parvula, his 
results differing in some respects from the previous conclusions of 
Hauptfleisch. The young cells at the apex of a branch contain only 
one nucleus, while those somewhat removed from the growing point are 
multinucleate. The procarpic branch may consist of two or three cells. 
It is a small structure always attached to one of the large thallus-cells. 
The trichogyne is a very delicate structure, always arising from an 
extremely small cell, the carpogone. It withers and completely t dis- 
appears, together with the carpogone, at a very early period, and more 
resembles a degenerate cell than one actively employed in the process 
of impregnation. No evidence was obtained of the fusion of the cells 
of the procarpic branch with each other, or with the thallus-cell which 
bears them ; nor of the complete fusion of an auxiliary cell with any of 
the cells directly concerned in the development of the cystocarp. 
Lithothamnion. [| — Herr M. Foslie publishes a monograph of the 
Norwegian species of this genus of Corallinaceae, including a number 
now described for the first time. The characters used for their classi- 
fication are the form and mode of development of the thallus, the 
position, size, and form of the sporange-conceptacles, and the mode of 
division of the sporange. The sexual organs are of but rare occurrence, 
and the characters are often disguised through changes caused by the 
attacks of animals (especially mussels), and by epiphytic algae. The 
former genus Lithophyllum is included as a section of Lithothamnion. A 
few fossil species are also described. 
* Journ. Quekett Micr. Club, vi. (1896) pp. 177-90 (2 pis.). 
t La Nuova Notarisia, vii. (1896) pp. 1-22. 
X Cf. this Journal, 1895, p. 78. 
§ Bot. Gazette, xxi. (1896) pp. 109-17 (2 pis.). Cf. this Journal, 1892, p. 644. 
|| Trondhjem, 1895, 180 pp. and 23 pis. (Danish). See Bot. Centralbl., lxvi, 
(1896) p. 87. 
