ZOOLOGY AND BOTANY, MICROSCOPY, ETC. 
559 
Cheese Flora.* — Herr Gr. Marpmann gives a list of the fungi affecting 
cheese. These are divided into the Saccharomycetes, Schizomycetes, 
and Perisporomycetes. Of the Schizomycetes no less than 105 species, 
under three subdivisions of Coccogente, Baculogense, and Trichogense, 
are enumerated. 
Variability in the Form and Characters of Streptococci Cultures, f 
• — M. Lemoine has convinced himself that the growth of Streptococci 
in different media affords no basis for distinguishing between different 
species, inasmuch as the growth of a culture even in the same medium 
is in no way constant, nor are any marked differences of growth in 
cultures of different origin observable. 
Differential Diagnosis between Cholera and other Vibrios.^ — As a 
method for making a differential diagnosis between the cholera and other 
closely allied vibrios, Herr Dunbar has little but praise for the Pfeiffer 
reaction, though he does not go quite so far as Pfeiffer and Sobernheim, 
w T ho maintain that vibrios which react positively to cholera serum are 
true cholera vibrios. The author would prefer the view that those 
cultures are not true cholera cultures which react negatively to cholera 
serum. After giving in tabular form the results of his numerous experi- 
ments, the author proposes a classification of water vibrios on the basis 
of their specific reaction. In connection with this proposal, it is stated 
that light-giving bacteria isolated in 1894 and 1895 reacted positively 
to the serum of light-giving bacteria isolated in 1893, from which it 
might be inferred that they were identical in origin. 
Vibrio Infection per Os in Young Rabbits.§ — Dr. E. Wiener 
records a series of eight experiments made on rabbits with cholera 
cultures of different origin in conjunction with cultures of Bacillus coli. 
Some of the experiments w’ere checks. It would seem that while the 
cholera culture administered per os is fatal, it is more rapid in its effect 
when combined with Coli cultures, though the latter are harmless alone. 
When the animals died within 48 hours, the intestinal tract was found 
to be reeking with vibrios ; but if they survived 4 to 5 days, no vibrios 
were found, but B. coli was present in almost pure cultivation. Very 
similar phenomena have been observed in human cholera. 
Three more experiments relative to B. pyocyaneus are also mentioned. 
In the first, rabbits were fed on Pyocyaneus cultures, and killed on the 
fifth day. From the blood and all the organs B. jpyocyaneus was culti- 
vated, an interesting fact, considering that all the animals seemed per- 
fectly well when killed. In conjunction with cholera the animals died, 
the post-mortem appearances being very similar to cholera, when death 
occurred within forty-eight hours after infection, while later on the 
presence of vibrio infection was less marked, or even undisco verable. 
From this series the author infers that the presence of B. pyocyaneus has 
a slightly inhibitory effect on the development of the cholera vibrio. 
* Zeitschr. f. angewandte Mikr., ii. (189G) pp. 68-79. 
t Arch. Med. Exper., 1896, No. 2. See Centralbl. f. Bakteriol. u. Parasitenk., 
l te Abt,, xix. (1896) p. 891. 
f Zeitsclir. f. Hygiene u. Infektions., xxi. p. 295. See Centralbl. f. Bakteriol. u. 
Parasitenk., l t0 Abt., xix. (1896) pp. 894-5. 
§ Centralbl. f. Bakteriol. u. Parasitenk., l te Abt,, xix. (1896) pp. 595-602. 
