632 
SUMMARY OF CURRENT RESEARCHES RELATING TO 
sections of the Phalloideae, the Phalleae and the Clatlireae, are not 
directly related, but may be regarded as two parallel series of forms. 
In Mutinus , both the receptacle and the glebe are differentiated from the 
early sheaf-like head of medullary tissue, but the pseudo-parenchyma- 
tous walls of the former appear to have nothing immediately in common 
with the liymenium, either in origin or in mode of formation. In its 
earliest recognisable stage, the “ egg ” or fructification consists of the 
cortical and medullary tissues of the mycelial strand. The cortical 
layer becomes the outer wall of the volva, its sheaf-like head gradually 
differentiating into all the other parts of the older “egg.” The final 
elongation of the stipe and the elevation of the glebe are brought about 
through the straightening out of the folds in the chamber-walls of the 
stipe. 
Protophyta. 
a. Schizopliycese. 
Elos-Aquae.* — Herr II. Klebahn finds the “ flos-aquae ” of the Lake of 
Plon to consist of the following species of Schizopliyceae, — Coelusphserium 
Kutzingianum , Polycystic seruginosa, Trichodesmium lacustre, Gloiotrichia 
echinulata , Anabsena flos-aquae, A. anspiroides, A. macrospora, A. solitaria , 
Aphanizomenon flos-aquae, Botryococcus Braunii. The red bodies which 
Pichter regarded as composed of sulphur, are, according to Klebahn, 
“ gas-vacuoles ” ; resembling ordinary vacuoles, except that they contain 
a gas instead of water. Other aquatic algae and Schizophyta contain 
similar gas-vacuoles. The “ flos-aquae ” is by no means confined to 
fresh water. 
Conjugation of Diatoms.f — Herr G. Karsten describes the formation 
of auxospores and of zygotes in Navicula peregrina, N. scopulorum, and 
Iiibellus constrictus ( Ampliiprora constrida). 
Surirella4 — An incomplete conspectus by the late Mr. J. Deby of 
this genus of diatoms is published. He regards the essential characters 
of the genus as consisting in the absence of the characteristic raphe, 
and of the central and terminal nodules of the Naviculeae — the raphe 
being replaced by a simple line or by a narrow hyaline longitudinal 
space without any appearance of nodules, which may be called a pseudo- 
raphe — and in the presence of lateral wings. Some of the species are 
exceedingly variable in form. They may be arranged under two groups, 
according as the rays or canaliculi do or do not present the form of a 
funnel. 
Structure of Cyanophycese and Bacteria.§ — Herr 0. Biitschli, as 
the result of a fresh series of observations on the structure of the 
Cvanophyceae (chiefly Oscillatoria princeps and the larger sulphur- 
bacteria), confirms his previous observations, both as to the existence of 
a central more strongly stainable region, and as to the honeycomb 
structure of both the outer layer and the inner layers. He combats 
Fischer’s view that the outer layer is merely the result of contraction 
and plasmolysis ; its honeycomb structure was demonstrated in the 
* Forscliungsber. aus d. Biol. Stat. zu Plon, pt. iv. 1896, pp. 189-206. Cf. this 
Journal, ante , p. 554. t Flora, lxxxii. (1896) pp. 286-96 (1 pi.). 
X Bull. Soc. Bot. Beige Micr., xxii. (1896) pp. 147-77. 
§ ‘ Weitere Ausfiihrungen iib. d. Bau d. Cyanophyceen u. Bukterien,’ Leipzig, 
1896, 87 pp., 3 pis. aud 6 fig*. See Bot. Centralbl., lxvii. (1896) p. 164. 
