94 
SUMMARY OF CURRENT RESEARCHES RELATING TO 
cells bearing a close resemblance to Saccharomyces apiculatus. He names 
the fungus Thecamphora Convolvuli sp. n. 
Symbiotic Fungus of Ophioglossacese.* * * § — In all the species of 
Ophioglossum and Botrycliium examined, Prof. G. F. Atkinson finds 
hyphae of a symbiotic fungus in the cells of the cortical parenchyme of 
the root. Since the roots of the Ophioglossaceae do not possess true 
root-hairs, this symbiotic organism probably plays an important part in 
the nutrition of the plant. 
Physiology of Penicillium Duclauxi.f — Investigating the nature of 
the ferments formed by this fungus, MM. Bourquelot and Graziani state 
that it does not produce diastase, but can form invertin. The morpho- 
logical character of the fungus, and its power of producing club-shaped 
structures are very greatly influenced by the kind of sugar contained in 
the culture-fluid. Galactose, which is not ordinarily assimilated, can be 
if a small quantity of glucose is added. 
Polymorphism of Cladosporium herbarum. — M. de Janczewski f has 
studied the history of development of this polymorphic fungus, and 
states that the peritheces identify it with Leptosphseria Tritici, which 
has both a Flioma and a Septoria form. The mycele, when transferred 
to a more nutritive medium, gives rise to Hormodendron cladosporioides. 
Cladosporium forms occur not only in Leptosphseria, but also in Pleospora 
( Alternaria ), and in Bumago. 
Sig. B. Pirotta § confirms this statement, and states that Cladosporium 
herbarum is a stage in the cycle of development of a Pyrenomycetous 
fungus belonging to the genus Leptosphseria, which has five conidial forms, 
three of them — Cladosporium , Hormodendron and Dematium — springing 
from conidiophorous hyphee ; the other two — Phoma and Septoria — from 
conidiophorous conceptacles. 
Calycieae.|| — Herr E. Neubner has studied the structure of this, the 
lowest family of Lichens. There is never any hypothallus, the structure 
which has been described as such being a collection of foreign Algaa 
and Fungi. The first growth from the gonid is a thallus, and not a 
protothallus, and this becomes surrounded by filiform hyphee ; both 
these and the original gonid continue to divide and develope into a 
minute ball, which may be transported by wind or rain ; or a number 
may collect, on the bark of trees, into a powdery mass. The most 
common mode of propagation is by soredes. The sexual organs are in a 
state of great degeneration ; no pycnids were observed ; the apotheces 
spring directly from the thallus. A formation of oidium-structures 
takes place, similar to that in the Basidiomycetes and Ascomycetes, but 
not previously observed in Lichens. The gonidial element belongs to 
the Pleurococcaceae or to Stichococcus. 
* Bull. Torrey Bot. Club, xx. (ISOS') pp. 356-7. 
t Bull. Soc. Mycol. France, viii. (1892) pp. 147-52. See Bot. Centralbl., lv. 
(1893) p. 326. 
X Bull. Acad. Sci. Cracovie, 1892. See Bull. Soc. Bot. France, 1893, Rev. 
Bibl., p. 90. Cf. this Journal, 1890, p. 73. 
§ Atti R. Accad. Lincei, ii. (1893) pp. 288-90. 
|| Wiss. Beil. iv. JB. K. Gymn. Plauen, 1893, 12 pp. and 1 pi. See Bot. Cen- 
tralbl., lv. (1893) p. 143. 
